Preliminary Study of Nutmeg Shell in Second Generation Bioethanol Production via Mechano-Alkalic Treatment Y. Mulyaningsih, M. Yheni, H.C Theofany, A.D Pramiesta, H.B. Aditiya
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu No.Kav. 16, Jakarta Selatan, 12780, Indonesia
Abstract
The ever-increasing environmental problems and depletion of fossil fuel holdings are prominently alarming. Through the past years, bioethanol has been consistently becoming notable option as future energy alternative. In second generation production, lignocellulosic waste and starchy materials from non-edible, agricultural waste, are considered to be convertible to sugar; this enacts nutmeg (Myristica fragran) appealing to take advantage of, especially for a leading producer country such as Indonesia. This paper aims to study the ability of nutmeg shell in producing simple reducing sugar through the combination of mechanical and chemical process, i.e., ultrasonication assisted alkaline hydrolysis. The success of this study sheds light as a reference as well as to promote further observation of new feedstock which can be potentially utilized for second generation bioethanol production.
Keywords: bioethanol; second generation; nutmeg shell; ultrasonication; alkaline; hydrolysis
