FDTD-based Simulation to Determine the Optimal Length of Gold Nanorods in Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Creatinine Sensors Ahmad Ihsan Nur Solehudin (a), Chandra Wulandari (b), Ahmad Aminuddin (c), Yanurita Dwi Hapsari (d), Budi Mulyanti (e), Roer Eka Pawinanto (f), and Lilik Hasanah (a*)
(a) Physics Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(b) Doctoral Program of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
(c) Electrical Engineering Education Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(d) Industrial Automation and Robotics Engineering Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Abstract
Creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Elevated levels of creatinine, also known as hypercreatinemia, can increase the risk of kidney failure. It is a measurable substance in the blood, often used as a diagnostic test to assess kidney function. The application of Localized Sensor Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) in biosensors for detecting creatinine in urine represents a revolutionary development in the medical field. LSPR has the ability to detect molecular-level changes with high sensitivity, enabling rapid and accurate detection of various biomolecules. Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, we designed gold nanoparticles in the form of nanorods due to their precisely adjustable shape and size, allowing for better control of resonance wavelength. In this study, we optimized the LSPR signal by varying the length of the gold nanorods from 40 to 150 nm. The results obtained showed that as the nanorod length increased, the absorption spectrum shifted to the right and increased. The performance of the optimal gold nanorods from this study will be subsequently simulated for the detection of creatinine at various concentrations. It is anticipated that the gold nanorods-based biosensor will exhibit superior sensitivity and limit of detection.
