Biochar derived from biomass for supercapacitor application using chemical activation Ida Hamidah (a*), Apri Wiyono (a), Sriyono (a), Rheyhanita (a), Aisyah Nur Aqilla (a), Doni Fajar Ramadhan (a), Roer Eka Pawinanto (b), Budi Mulyanti (b), Lilik Hasanah (c), Jumril Yunas (d)
(a) Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
* idahamidah[at]upi.edu
(b) Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
(c) Department of Physics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 207, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
(d) Institute of Microengineering and Microelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Energy storage devices is continuously attracting and maintaining scientists^ attention because the immediate exploitation of the converted, harvested, or produced energy (especially from fossil-based sources) can be problematic. Supercapacitors, are energy storage devices exploiting charge accumulation in the electric double-layer (EDL). This phenomenon is based on the weak electrostatic interactions of ions from the bulk of the electrolyte with the electrode surface. Unlike batteries, supercapacitors store the charge in a physical manner, thus their energy density is moderate. At the same time, the lack of electrochemical reactions ensures very high power and very long cyclability. These characteristics provide supercapacitors with a link between conventional dielectric capacitors (high power) and batteries (high energy). There are some methods to enhance the performance of supercapacitors, i.e. tuning the porous, heteroatom doping, and physical or chemical activation. The focus in this review is to understand in depth the chemical activation methods of carbon activation, and also to look at the characteristics of biochar derived from the activation process which is deals with their characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The chemical activation simultaneously proceeds with carbonization steps at a relatively low temperature under the protection of an inert gas using chemical activation agent (KOH, ZnCl2, H3PO4, K2CO3). These methods are optimized to get the conductivity, porosity, and specific surface area which are suitable for high performance of supercapacitor: specific capacitance, power density, energy density, and capacitance retention.
Keywords: biochar- biomass- supercapacitor- physical activation- chemical activation- specific capacitance- power density- cycling stability
Topic: Symposium on Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering
