Gender Inequalities in STEM Careers in Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review Ekania Apriyanti Gunawan*, Yadi Mulyadi, and Iwan Kustiawan
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Jalan Dr. Setiabudi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
*ekania.a[at]upi.edu
Abstract
Gender inequality in careers has been an issue for a long time in many parts of the world. Even in the country with the best rates of gender equality in the world, gender inequality persists across many professions. One of the career fields where there is a lot of gender inequality is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which in this field is still dominated by men. This study aims to discuss gender inequalities that occur in STEM careers in developing and developed countries. The method used is a systematic literature review using a number of relevant articles from various journals. After the screening process, a number of articles obtained were studied further. As a result, gender gaps or biases are experienced by many women who work in STEM careers. This gap occurs especially in developing countries. The gap is felt especially in women who already have children, because their productivity is considered to decrease when they become a mother. In addition to the difficulty of women to get promotions, inequality also occurs in the provision of wages, where women sometimes get lower wages than men.
Keywords: gender inequality, gender bias, career gap, career fields, STEM field, STEM careers
