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961	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-791
Investigation on Resistance Change in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer to Detect Crack Damage on Its Structure in Structural Health Monitoring I Nyoman Adhywinaya, Bentang Arief Budiman, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro, Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is one of the most widely used composite materials due to its excellent properties. Although CFRP composites have attractive mechanical properties, these materials are notch sensitive and lose much of their structural integrity when damaged. One of the damages that is frequently found in the CFRP structure is crack damage. In structural health monitoring (SHM) technology, detection of crack that occurs in the composite material is very critical. Apparently, CFRP has piezoresistive properties which make it able to conduct electrical current. The resistance of the CFRP may change when the crack damage occurs in its surface. In this paper, the crack is ensured to be detected using the resistance change behavior of the CFRP. The crack in the specimen made from CFRP is generated in three different orientation and the respective resistance change is evaluated. The focus of this paper is to get the relationship between the crack length and orientation with the resistance change respond. The evaluation from this work can also utilized for the development in SHM technology. Keywords: CFRP, electrical resistance, crack, SHM Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Nyoman Adhywinaya)

962	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-793
Crispness Measurement of Potato Crisps by Single Specimen using Compression Test Gloria Aprilia(1), Farid Triawan (1,*), Ramadhona Saville (2) (1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia (2) Department of Agribusiness Management, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan (*) farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id Abstract Commonly, crispy characteristic is the desirable texture of dry food, especially in crisp products. The term crispness itself is qualitatively determined by the perception of human sensory. Thus, a quantitative expression is needed. The present work introduces a study to analyze the correlation between the crispness and compressive mechanical behavior of potato crisps as a preliminary step to quantify crispness level of crisp products. Potato crisp samples were exposed to room air in several specific durations. The crisp samples were assessed one by one by running a uniaxial compression test using two parallel plates. The load and displacement curve relationship were measured simultaneously during crisp deformation at a constant speed. The result indicated that there is a relationship between the crispness of the crisps and the strain energy up to 10% strain. Yet, the result has not perfectly mimicked the apparent crispness of the samples. This analysis is expected to contribute to the food engineering field in terms of crispness quantification of a dry food. Keywords: potato crisp, compression mechanical properties, strain energy, crispness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gloria Ellysian Aprilia)

963	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-795
Development of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) For Educational Purpose Using Solenoid Actuator Arnaz Asa Sholeh (a*), Kushendarsyah Saptaji (a), Muchamad Oktaviandri (b) (a) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Pancoran, Jakarta, Indonesia (b) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Abstract The need of a lightweight and strong material used in aerospace and aeronautic led to the invention of new alloys. However, these new alloys such as titanium alloys and nickel alloys are difficult to be milled (hard-to-cut). Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the advanced manufacturing methods widely used for hard-to-cut alloys. The EDM process uses an electrode as the conductor of electrical current to erode the metal and supported by other components. Due to the high cost and high energy consumption of EDM, it is necessary to develop a low cost and simpler EDM set-up especially for educational purpose in manufacturing laboratory activity. The EDM design and set up requirement to produce the desired “spark” have always been a challenge to the researchers and manufacturers. In this paper, a small scale EDM setup was built. A solenoid actuator is used to generate simple mechanical relay principle. The mechanical relay movement is used to control the gap between the workpiece and the electrode to produce a spark. The solenoid actuator is used because of its low cost and simple mechanism. As the result, the hole cavity is able to be produced using the proposed configuration. Keywords: Electric Discharge Machining, Mechanical relay, Solenoid actuator Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arnaz Asa Sholeh)

964	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-284
Design of experiment in preliminary optimization study of bioethanol production from Chlorella pyrenoidosa H.B. Aditiya, M. Yheni, H.C. Theofany, A.D. Pramiesta, Y. Mulyaningsih Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu, Kav 16, Jakarta 12780, Indonesia Abstract As an alternative, sustainable energy form to replace fossil gasoline, the interest in producing bioethanol is still advancing. This is critical especially when third generation bioethanol production is focused, in which the fast-growing green algae is exploited as the feedstock. While the bioethanol production route is principally consistent regardless of the feedstock type, implementing optimization in bioethanol production is advantageous to the production as it presents optimum conditions based on the set variables. This study reports the design of experiment in preliminary analysis of optimization study in bioethanol production from Chlorella pyrenoids. Four factors (feedstock loading; NaOH concentration; hydrolysis time; hydrolysis temperature) are selected to determine the main response of reducing sugar as the main desired component for fermentation stage. Using response surface methodology, the design of experiment consists of 29 experimental runs with linear model as the suggested model. Keywords: Bioethanol production; optimization; design of experiment; renewable energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aditiya Harjon)

965	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-288
Performance of Fan Chips on Drilling Aluminium Process A.Sifa*, D. Suwandi, T.Endramawan, A. A. Rachman Politeknik Negeri Indramayu Abstract The metal fabrication process, especially in the metal drilling process, one of the parameters that affect the quality of metal drilling results is cooling media, because it affects the life of the tool used. This paper aims to determine the performance of using fan chips as an alternative to cooling media in the metal drilling process area. The method used with flow simulation and drilling process experiments on workpiece made from aluminum alloy 5086 in experimental testing uses a variation of the spindle rotation of a metal drilling machine with the aid of taking test data with an anemometer and infrared thermometer in the drilling process of the aluminum alloy 5086 workpiece. After experimenting with chips through spindle rotation variations, cooling of the process area occurs when the engine spindle rotation rotates above 1000 rpm and the temperature decreases at the end of the tool area by 5oC compared to without using fan chips. A decrease in the temperature of the work area of the drilling workpiece aluminum alloy 5086 compared without using fan chips has an impact on increasing the tool life limit by 12% or increasing tool life 5 minutes. Keywords: Drilling Machine, Fan chips, Tool Life Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agus Sifa)

966	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-800
Effect of Pouring Temperature on the Tensile strength and micro structure of Al Alloys using Centrifugal Casting Mochamad Arif Irfa’i (a*) and Andita N.F Ganda (a) (a*) Metal Casting Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. There are many ways to overcome the pipe leaking in pipe joining; one of them is by using centrifugal casting as method for its production. The goal of this study is to know the effect of pouring temperature on the tensile strength and microstructure of centrifugal casted pipe product. We tried to produce the pipe at temperature of 680oC, 700oC and 720oC, with the constant rotation speed of the centrifugal casting machine (1500 rpm). The tensile test was done based on standard of ASTM E8. The results show that the highest tensile strength is obtained from the product that was manufactured at 680oC (121.65 MPa) and the lowest is at 720oC (91.65 MPa). These data are supported with the result of microstructure test which revealed that the amount of Al dendrite structure is more homogenous and uniform when the pouring temperature is closed to melting point. Keywords: Al alloys, pouring temperature, tensile strength , microstructure and centrifugal casting Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Arif Irfai)

967	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-545
The Performance of Wire Mesh Particulate Type Trap to Reduce Smoke Opacity from Compression-Ignition Engine Warju (a*), I Made Muliatna (a), I Wayan Susila (a), Sudirman Rizki Ariyanto (b), Muhammad Nurtanto (c) (a*) Engine Performance Testing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia warju[at]unesa.ac.id (b) Automotive Technology Vocational Education, STKIP PGRI Tulungagung, Jl. Mayor Sujadi No.7, Manggisan, Plosokandang, Kec. Kedungwaru, Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur 66229, Indonesia (c) Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Raya Jkt Km 4 Jl. Pakupatan, Panancangan, Kec. Cipocok Jaya, Kota Serang, Banten 42124, Indonesia Abstract Diesel particulates consist principally of combustion generated carbonaceous material (soot) on which some organic compounds have become absorbed. These particulates can become a health hazard if they are small enough to pass through the human nose as they are sufficiently large to be retained in the lungs. One of the automotive technologies to reduce particulates (smoke opacity) from compression-ignition engine (CIE) is by using wire mesh particulate type trap. The objective of most particulate measurement techniques is to determine the amount of particulate being emitted to the atmosphere. The aims of this research are firstly to conduct a wire mesh particulate type trap, secondly to find out to what extend knitted stainless-steel wire mesh is efficient. To measure the concentration of smoke opacity on the frame there are two conditions required. First is when the standard condition, and second is when wire mesh particulate type trap is applied using smoke opacimeter. The standard of smoke opacity testing by using SNI 09-7118.2-2005. This SNI uses the standard method reference from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the United Nations for Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE) regulation. The main finding from this research is the use of wire mesh particulate type trap can reduce smoke opacity from 85,4 % to 98,4 %. Finally, this technology can be applied to the diesel engine both light duty and heavy duty to support blue sky program in Indonesia and sustainable development goals, especially to combat climate change and its impacts Keywords: Wire mesh; Stainless steel; Diesel particulate trap; Smoke opacity; Diesel engine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Warju Warju)

968	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-1058
Performance analysis of R290 as a substitute for R404a on 12,000 Btuh cold storage capacity Widodo, Syafrizal, Ade Irvan Tauvana, Mokhamad Is Subekti, Lukman Nulhakim Politeknik Enjinering Indorama Abstract Cold Storage is a cooling machine that has a very low cooling room temperature until: -30°C which is used for the freezing process. Cold storage used for this research has a capacity of 18,000 Btuh using R-404a refrigerant. This refrigerant does not contain ODP but still contains a very high GWP: 3940 compared to R-290. Refrigerant R-290 (propane) is a hydrocarbon refrigerant that has GWP:4 and Non ODP. But this refrigerant has flammable properties between LF-UFLL: 2-10%. Coldroom dimensions: 3 x 1.5 x 2.5:11.25m3. Testing methodology by comparing the performance of R-404a with R290 coldstorage conditions was tested without using a cooling load with a room temperature setting of -29 ° C, room temperature of 35 ° C and RH: 70%. Time Testing is carried out for 90 minutes. From the test results obtained data: evap temperature: -29 with a time of 68 minutes for R290 and 95 minutes for R-404a, suction pressure R404a / R290: 14/6 Psig, discharge pressure: 215 / 175 psig and the amount of refrigerant entered in the system: 3500/1800 grams and electric amperes: 4.1 / 2.9 Amperes. From the above data it can be concluded that R290 has better performance, energy saving and environment friendly compared to R404A, only this refrigerant has flammable properties so high skiing is required and is carried out by competent certified technicians. Keywords: coldstorage, propane, global warming, refrigerant, flammable Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (widodo saji)

969	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-1060
The Utilization of Seawed Powder as a Gel on Wet Batteries and Convert it into Dry Batteries Susilawati (a*), Rifaul Zamzami (b), Azhis Sholeh Buchori (c), Oyok Yudiyanto (d)(c) Maintenance Engineering Program, Subang State Polytechnic Abstract The Weaknesses of wet batteries that require extra attention in maintenance such as having to routinely check and add water batteries, less stable voltage, water batteries can spill out and damage the body of a car or motorcycle, and water batteries can cause itching and irritation when touched by the skin. This study aims to determine the potential of seaweed powder as a gel that is added to a wet battery and convert it into a dry battery. The method used is: data collection, concept design, manufacturing process, testing. The results of the study were obtained that the wet battery can function like a dry battery so that it does not need to refill the battery water anymore and the results of the battery voltage measurement using a multimeter show the number 12.6 volts. Keywords: Seawed Powder, Wet Battery, Dry Battery Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Susilawati Susilawati)

970	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-805
UTILIZATION OF DTY MACHINE HEATER AS PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY BASED ON TERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR Lukman Nulhakim Politeknik Enjinering Indorama Abstract Technologies to convert thermal energy into electrical energy include thermoelectric generators. This thermoelectric generator has p-type and n-type semiconductor materials connected in series packaged using ceramic as its wall. This study aims to utilize the exhaust heat from a heater in the DTY engine as a producer of electrical energy. The test is carried out every 30 seconds for 10 minutes using the temperature of the heat generated from the heater, while for the cold side using free air. The resulting voltage is around 2.8 mV at the hot side temperature of 50.6 oC and the cold side temperature of 33.4 oC. Keywords: thermoelectric, energy, temperature, heating, DTY Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lukman Nulhakim)

971	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-41
Design Variations Optimization of Jib Crane 2 Tonf Using I Beam 300 Sirojuddin(1), Khoirunnisa Zahrotul Azizah Nurfarihah(1), Muhammad Nurkhozin(2) (1) Mechanical Engineering, State University of Jakarta, Indonesia (2) PT Bakrie Autoparts, Bekasi, Indonesia Abstract A jib crane is a type of lifting equipment that is commonly attached to the walls of factory buildings to raise or lower a load. The lifting mechanism can rotate with a turning angle of 180 degrees. A trolley can be moved manually by chain drive. This research aimed to design several variations in the main structure of jib crane using I beam 300 for the industry. Firstly, the design concept was made by varying the main beam of the I300. then calculated analytically. After that 2D and 3D images were made with four variants of JC-1, JC-2, JC-3, and JC-4. The strength of the main beam structure and others was analyzed using FEM software. The load of the crane was 2 tonf, a range radius of 3 meters, and a turning angle of 180 degrees. The best results were obtained by comparing the yield stress to the maximum stress that occurred according to Von Mises. Based on the simulation results, the best design is the JC-3 variant. Variant JC-3 simulation results show that the safety factor closed to the optimum point. Keywords: Design Optimization, Jib Crane, Structure, Safety Factor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sirojuddin Sirojuddin)

972	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-814
DESIGN IMPROVEMENT OF BASE MOTOR OF DRIVING SYSTEM RUBBER TIRED GANTRY CRANE Sirojuddin, Annisa Nur Vina Rifkasari, Rizka Aprilia Haliya Tanjung, Prima Chandra Utama, Fadilah Chaerul Iman, Imam Basori Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract There was failure to the motor baseplate, due to failure of the tension bolt on the rubber tired gantry crane driving system. This research aims to obtain improved designs on the motor baseplate that meet component safety requirements. Initial investigations were carried out on failure to tension bolts which resulted in failure to the baseplate. Analysis of the expenses received, the next process is to draw 2D and 3D using the software. Design improvement simulation is done with stress analysis software. The software simulation results obtained a safe design. Keywords: base motor, design improvement, driving system, gantry crane, stress analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sirojuddin Sirojuddin)

973	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-306
Flame Spread Simulation of Fire Occurrence at Motorcycle Parking Building Pratomo Setyadi1 Nugroho Gama Yoga2 Catur Setyawan Kusumohadi3 Triyono4 Yola Furqaan Nanda5 Fire Safety Engineering, State University of Jakarta Jalan Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220 Abstract This research is motivated by the condition of the parking building in A Campus, State University of Jakarta that development that very compact and crowded with wide openings. This study aims to estimate the flame spread of motorcycle parking. This study used computer fire modeling by simulating flame starting point and direction of the wind, numbers of fuel source and forms. This research will discuss about the development of the fire where the fire development will be represented by HRR (Heat Release Rate), burning rate, and visualization of each simulation. This step is very advantageous because it can figure out how the spread of fire during a fire and how fire simulated. With the fire of this modeling can be a practical engineering approach to provide additional review of aspects of fire safety on campus parking building at Jakarta State Univeristy. From these results it can be concluded that the rapid spread of the fire affected by the starting point of fire, wind speed and direction. HRR where the greater value the greater the value of burning rate obtained and the greater the level of occurrence of fire. Keywords: fire, temperature, Heat Release Rate (HRR), heat transfer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pratomo Setyadi)

974	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-818
Optimization of Relative Density to Geometric Parameter Ratio for Honeycomb Structure Using Finite Element Method Octarina Adiati Juniasih (a*), Kushendarsyah Saptaji (a), Tedi Kurniawan (c) a) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University b) Community College of Qatar Abstract Honeycomb structures are becoming preferred choice for increasing the efficiency of automotive, aerospace, construction and other related industries as it provides low-density ratio to specific strength. Out-of-plane orientation honeycomb core structure has significant advantage in load-bearings and energy absorption. However, previous studies were mostly focusing on the specific strength of the structure. In this paper, optimization of relative density to geometric parameter ratio for honeycomb structure is conducted with the focus on compressive properties. It is expected that high compressive properties with low relative density can be achieved. Relative density and geometric parameter are obtained from RVE (Representative Volume Element) which affected by variable-thickness. Finite Element Method (FEM) using ANSYS software were conducted to simulate compression test with 300kN compressive load to the honeycomb structure with various ratios. FEM results illustrate that relatively higher geometric parameter tends to have higher compressive properties. Structure with the lowest ratio of relative density to geometric parameter of around 22.70% has higher equivalent elastic strain and equivalent stress around 0.50896 and 1.7152 GPa compared to other parameters. In order to validate the FEM result, the honeycomb structure was fabricated using 3D printer with PLA filament and subsequently tested under compression test. Keywords: Honeycomb Structure, Lightweight Material, Finite Element Method, 3D Printing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Octarina Adiati Juniasih)

975	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-819
DESIGN IMPROVEMENT OF TENSION BOLT OF DRIVING SYSTEM RUBBER TIRED GANTRY CRANE Sirojuddin, Rizka Aprilia Haliya Tanjung, Annisa Nur Vina Rifkasari, Prima Chandra Utama, Fadilah Chaerul Iman, Imam Basori Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract There was a failure in the tension bolts on the driving rubber tired gantry crane system. The purpose of this research is to improve bolt design to meet safe and optimal criteria. First of all an investigation of the failure of the tension bolt component, the loads received, then made 2D and 3D images using the software. Design improvement simulation with stress analysis software. The simulation results obtained that the design meets the safety criteria. Keywords: design improvement, driving system, gantry crane, stress analysis, tension bolt Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sirojuddin Sirojuddin)

976	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-54
THE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR CELL SYSTEM DESIGN IN THE SHIP Danny Faturachman Department of Marine Engineering, Darma Persada University, Jl. Taman Malaka Selatan, Jakarta Timur 13450, Indonesia Abstract Utilization of solar energy as solar photovoltaic plant in the engineering as a source of electrical energy to produce no pollution, air pollution and pollution on the surrounding environment. The basic ingredients of photovoltaics is solar cell. The use of solar cell on a vessel can be used as energy in a variety of electrical equipment on the ship, due to the relative abundance of Sun energy and never run out because the Sun bathes the territory Indonesia 10-12 hours a day. In this case the solar cell used to meet the needs of the mechanical cooling equipment on board the ferry that sails around the region of Indonesia. Expected usage of this solar energy can reduce the use of fossil fuels oil and can save on operational costs. In this paper will show the usage of solar cell in the ship for lighting equipment. All the needs of electrical power in supply from batteries being replenished by solar panels. Solar power become one of alternative energy to overcome the presence of the energy crisis especially a reduction in the availability of petroleum and the more expensive world oil prices. Major problems focused on design of electric system as power plant resources in the ship. We will see the calculation for solar cell system design for power lighting in the ship could be saving almost 52.5% by 52.5 % of the generator burden. Keywords: Energy saving, Ferry 500 GT, Lightning equipment, Solar Cell Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Danny Faturachman)

977	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-825
Design E-trike Battery Pack in Increasing Stiffness Muhammad Farkhan Abdillah(a*), Bentang Arief Budiman (a), Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro (a) a) Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *farkhanabdillah[at]students.itb.ac.id Abstract Lithium-ion batteries have led features over other types of batteries which are high density, high power density, long life, and environmental friendliness. U.S Advanced Battery Consortium also agrees to state that Li-ion batteries are the most suitable for long-term advanced battery technologies. They are related significantly with vibration, temperature, and pressure . Vibrational of the battery pack must be circumvented from the natural frequency of vehicle suspension system and sprung mass from 0 to 7 Hz, vehicle powertrain,i.e driveline, and gearbox, from 7 to 20 Hz, and the vehicle chassis system from 20 to 40 Hz. Battery pack’s structure through positioning elevation to avoid battery pack damage by the rear impact is discussed in US Patent 7070015. About 288 Li-ion pouch cells of Chevrolet Volt battery pack for 70 % of the battery mass and around 55 % of the pack volume are located in a T-shaped steel vertical tray. The battery pack is stranded over the chassis center under the passenger seats. With this thesis, several designs of lithium-ion battery packing will be examined to select optimum model battery packing which robust, safe in which following the battery packing standards. Keywords: Vibrations, natural frequency, battery pack Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Farkhan Abdillah)

978	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-63
Working Fluid Selection for A Simple System of Low Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle Plant Budi Ismoyo, M. Idrus Alhamid, Nasruddin, Arnas Lubis, Muswar Muslim Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Indonesia Kukusan, Kecamatan Beji Kota Depok - Jawa Barat 16425 - Indonesia Abstract Heat sources such as geothermal, biomass, and others have the potential to be recovered. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plants can be used to convert low-temperature heat sources into electrical energy. The choice of working fluid for the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant is very important because the system works in limited conditions. This research will analyze the performance of several fluids that can be used as working fluids. Simulation using EES, the selected fluid must have good cycle efficiency and a large volumetric vapor flow rate. Working fluid is compared at a constant pump flow rate of 4.5 lpm with a heat source temperature range of 70-180 oC to obtain cycle efficiency and volumetric vapor flow rate. The simulation results obtained 11 types of work fluids that meet these criteria. R11 provides the highest cycle efficiency and R113 provides the largest volumetric vapor flow rate. With environmental and safety considerations in mind, R1233zd is a choice because it has good cycle efficiency of 12.79%, volumetric vapor flow rate 16.28 cc/rev, ODP 0 and GWP 74, non-flammable (A1). Keywords: organic rankine cycle, working fluid, geothermal, biomass Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Ismoyo)

979	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-577
A comparison review of critical flow properties of two-phase flow using isentropic and isenthalpic modeling in Homogenous Equilibrium Model (HEM) Fauzan Azima (a), HB Aditiya (a)* (a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jakarta *aditiya.harjon[at]my.sampoernauniversity.ac.id Abstract A various experimental approach in the purpose of examining the critical flow properties of numerous fluids has been performed. The models such as homogenous equilibrium models (HEM), Homogenous Frozen Model (HFM), and Non-homogenous Equilibrium Model (NEM) have been explored. The homogenous model is found to be more preferable compare to the non-homogenous model as it is known to be less complicated. In order to evaluate the HEM, three methods namely isentropic HEM, isenthalpic HEM, and Sajben HEM are available. Considering the less listed assumptions, isentropic and isenthalpic flow path thus taken as an interest in this study instead of Sajben modeling. Moreover, these two types of HEM modeling are useful to be applied in cases where extensive properties data are not completely available. Therefore, this paper provides a review summary and discussion of the comparison isentropic and isenthalpic modeling to investigate the critical properties of two-phase flow in HEM. From the analysis, it is generally found that both isentropic and isenthalpic modeling own similar behavior with the value of critical mass flux relatively close between one and another. Keywords: two-phase flow; isentropic; isenthalpic; HEM; Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fauzan Azima)

980	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-834
Development of Plastics Bottle-Waste Sorting System Nadhifatul Maulidati, Abdul Dwi Nur Cahyo, Djati Wibowo Djamari, Muhamad Rausyan Fikri, Farid Triawan (*) Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia *farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id Abstract This work studies the method of sorting plastic bottles-waste. Currently, the recycling treatment for a different type of plastic bottle-wastes is similar although they are made of different plastic material. The disadvantage of the current method is that the produced plastic is an unknown type of plastics. To perform recycling treatment of similar types of plastic bottle-waste, the plastic-bottle waste needs to be sorted based on their material characteristics. We propose a sorting method of the plastic-bottle waste by using a barcode scanner. A database on plastic-bottle waste based on their barcode number, which then categorized their material characteristics, is created. In this paper, the diagram of the sorting process is given. Keywords: sorting, plastic bottle-waste, recycle, database, system Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nadhifatul Maulidati)

981	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-324
Analyzing Saturation Point of B20 Using the Relationship Between Relative Humidity and Temperature Friska A D S, Antoni S, Lutfi H, Deby S, H B Aditiya Sampoerna University Abstract Biodiesel was characterized as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, derived from palm oil methyl ester blends with diesel fuel. Biodiesel has a hygroscopic characteristic that could dissolve more moisture than petroleum diesel. Water content in biodiesel is an important parameter in the production, storage and distribution of biodiesel. Water content in biodiesel can cause problems such as water accumulation in fuel storage, transportation, and handling equipment which could lead to reducing the lubrication of fuel that make engine wear, damages injection, corrosion, and catastrophic failure. Currently, there is a lack of information on the water content in B20 (20% of biodiesel blend). This study reports the saturation point of Indonesia’s B20 at several temperatures (30 ̊C, 35 ̊C, 40 ̊C, 45 ̊C). The test method utilizes the humidity sensor and temperature sensor. The result shows the graph of saturation point of B20 in varies temperature. The proposed study is expected to be a guidance for B20 storage in order to keep B20 from free water. Keywords: Renewable Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Friska Alivia Diana Sari)

982	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-337
Weldability and Shear Strength of Cylindrical Resistance Spot Welding Stainless Steel 304 A.Sifa*, F.Dionisius, Badruzzaman, T.Endramawan, N.Alipah Politeknik Negeri Indramayu Abstract Spot resistant welding is widely used in the welding process of steel plates but contrast welding applications in the process of making baskets with stainless steel cylinders. Stainless steel which is widely used in industry, especially food equipment products namely stainless steel 304. The welding process of resistant spot welding in cylindrical stainless steel aims to determine the welding ability and shear strength of stainless steel 304 material with a thickness of 2 mm. This research method uses an experimental variation of welding current; 0,7 kA, 1,4 kA and 2,1 kA. Determination of the nugget area and HAZ measurements were carried out using a digital microscope. The experimental results of the widest nugget area are 3.280 mm2, the widest HAZ area is 2,676 mm2 at 2,1 kA welding current. Shear test results, the maximum shear stress of 852,320 MPa and a maximum load of 2676,285 N were found at a current of 2,1 kA. Visually the largest nugget and HAZ area are proportional to the strength of the current given as well as the shear strength and have good quality weldability. Keywords: Cylindrical Resistance Spot Welding, Stainless Steel 304, Weldability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agus Sifa)

983	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-852
Cooling System Optimization on Battery Pack of Electric Vehicle Muhammad Adnan Naufal ; Dr. Eng. Bentang Arief Budiman ; Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro, M.Sc., Ph.D Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract Batteries as the power source of electric vehicle have advantages in form of sustainability and efficiency. However, electric vehicle has major drawbacks that unmatched the performance of internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), which are the limited driving range and the long charging time. To match the performance of ICEVs that can provide a long driving range, EVs need high-power, high-energy battery packs that are able to withstand high discharging rates which can increase the surface temperature faster. With the optimal operating temperature of Li-ion batteries ranging from 25˚C to 40˚C, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very crucial to maintain the temperature of batteries at the optimal operating temperature that can enhance the performances of EV. Different battery thermal management system which focus on air cooling strategy by changing the configuration of the inlet and the outlet of the air flow and the utilization of forced convection in terms of using fan are investigated to achieve the optimum cooling strategy. Computational fluid dynamics method is used to investigate the thermal characteristics of the battery pack. The temperature profile of the battery pack is examined using transient simulation. The results of the method expressed that the cooling strategy of inlet and outlet located on the different sides and the utilization of fan can optimize the cooling performance of battery pack. Keywords: Battery Thermal Management System, Air Cooling Strategies, CFD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adnan Naufal)

984	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-341
The Concept of the Renewable Energy Electric Boat Power Supply System to Support Tourism Transportation in Labuhan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara Province Syukri M. Nur, Putra Pratama, Erkata Yandri, Aep S Uyun, Kamaruddin Abdullah Darma Persada University Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago country with 2/3 is the waters so that many have the potential for marine tourism and attract tourists. The Labuan Bajo region is one of the favorite tourist destinations that is often visited by domestic and foreign tourists. Island destinations that are favorite visited by tourists in Labuan Bajo are Duty Island, Kelor Island, Karangan Island and Makasar Island. The distance of the cruise route taken is divided into four stages, namely: (1) Duty Island - Kelor Island (589 m), (2) Kelor Island - Karangan Island (2,811m), (3) Karangan Island - Makasar Island (2,836m) , and (4) Makasar Island - Duty Island (2,233m). The planned cruise time is 9 hours from 07.00-16.00 local time (local time) so that shipping and solar energy efficiency for the battery charge can be done optimally. Based on the results of this study, the transportation system in the region can use 5 Electric Ships with optimum speed at 10 Knots, where the travel time for 1 boat trip is 237 minutes and each ship can sail as many as 2 trips in that vulnerable time. Keywords: Marine Tourism, Solar Energy, Labuan Bajo, Boat Tours Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putra Pratama)

985	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-855
Modelling of Solid-State Battery Electrolyte Stress Due to Electrode Expansion During Electrochemical Cycling Samuel Rahardian (1*), Bentang Arief Budiman (1,2), Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro (1,2), Rakshidatu Lestaluhu (1) 1) Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia 2) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia *samuelrahardian[at]students.itb.ac.id Abstract In battery cell, during charge-discharge process, battery electrodes expand or shrink due to lithium ion insertion. In liquid electrolyte battery, electrode expansion was not critical because the volume could change freely in liquid system. However, in solid-state battery, solid electrolyte holds the volume change in the electrode resulted in stress build-up. In this paper, Anode and Cathode Active Material expansion during lithiation/delithiation process was modeled. Expansion model was used to find stress build-up in several solid-state battery cell configuration. Stress simulation result provide information to minimize solid-state battery damage and predict best configuration for solid-state battery electrode and electrolyte. Keywords: solid-state battery; electrode expansion; stress build-up Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samuel Rahardian)

986	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-856
Evaluation of Center Gravity and Turning Radius Performance of E-Trike: an Analytical Parametric Study Rakshidatu Lestaluhu(a), Samuel Rahardian(a), Faizal Arifurrahman(a), Arif Sugiharto(a), Bentang Arief Budiman(b*) (a) Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia (b) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia *Email:bentang[at]ftmd.itb.ac.id Abstract Valley topography city needs to have a serious effort to maintain issues due to vehicle exhaust gas results. A solution that may be considered as replacement of the existing delivery vehicle to E-Trike or Electrical three-wheeled vehicle (TWV). In this paper analytical parametric evaluated from moment and force (static and dynamic) applied to the system. During the design process, E-Trike’s stability and maneuverability being important aspects to be considered and become safety concerns while being ride compare with the two-wheel and four-wheel vehicles. Both aspects were affected by the vehicle center of gravity, and turning radius thus will be discussed further in this paper. There are three parameters discussed in this paper (1) Prototype Dimensional Review (2) Center of Gravity (3) Turning Radius. The focus of this paper to get maximum velocity to safe riding and handling the E-Trike prototype as the initial study before commercialization purposes. Besides, the evaluation also aims to provide improvement aspects on the prototype to be considered in future design. Keywords: E-Trike, Stability, Center Gravity, Turning Radius Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rakshidatu Lestaluhu)

987	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-858
Design Project of Hydraulic Gear Pressing Machine I O Suryani [1], C I S Nadia [1], D S Sinugroho [1], F Triawan [1]* [1] Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University * farid.triawan[at]sampoernauniversity.ac.id Abstract The paper analyzes the invention of hydraulic gear pressing-machine based on statics and dynamics analysis. The mechanism visualizes by CAD has a purpose to match the dimension and validate the analytical method. For the purpose of decreasing the volume of the plastic bottle, small dimension hydraulic gear pressing machine is introduced to replace the large dimension of the common pressing machine. A procedure of statics and dynamics analysis is performed to make sure that the component will not fail due to statics and dynamics loading. The result of the analysis shows that the pressing machine reaches the target. Additionally, further improvement still needs to be done. Keywords: Hydraulic gear mechanism, small dimension, consuming space, plastic bottle, large dimension, statics and dynamics analysis. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Oktavia Suryani)

988	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-350
Techno-economic analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in second generation bioethanol production Yheni Mulyaningsih (a), HC Theofany (a), Yhana Mulyaningsih (a), Aulia Djati Pramiesta (a), HB Aditiya (a)* a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sampoerna University, Jakarta *aditiya.harjon[at]my.sampoernauniversity.ac.id Abstract Bioethanol which is the form of renewable energy is now becoming one of the prominent preferences to substitute the overuse of fossil fuel. In the second generation of bioethanol production, the high-grade sugar conversion from non-edible, starchy and lignocellulosic waste materials lead to the confidence of the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as the promising feedstock. However, due to the technical study limitation, the implementation of second-generation bioethanol production is still challenged for its economic feasibility. Hence, this current study will focus on the process involved in its significance and consequence of the production process toward the cost analysis on the production. The energy input and cost of three main components in bioethanol production which include the feedstock collection, logistic, and the feedstock treatment method are extensively studied. From the analysis, it is highlighted that the current phase for second-generation bioethanol production is still challenging to make it economically viable in Indonesia’s energy market. This research is proposed as a preliminary study and as a reference for further studies of second-generation bioethanol commercialization in Indonesia. Keywords: bioethanol; biofuel; palm oil EFB; techno-economic; Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yheni Mulyaningsih)

989	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-359
Microwave-Assisted Alkaline Hydrolysis Treatment in Durian Seed Starch Bioethanol Production A D Pramiesta, Yheni Mulyaningsih, H C Theofany, Y. Mulyaningsih, H B Aditiya Sampoerna University Abstract Second generation bioethanol which is produced by utilizing non-edible feedstock and agricultural waste become an alternative in reducing the usage of fossil fuel. The abundance of durian in Indonesia reaches the production of 1.1 million per 2018 and has not been utilized widely. Several hydrolysis methods were proposed in order to yield the fermentable sugar for further process of bioethanol production. Reducing sugar obtained from the hydrolysis process is the important data before undergoing the fermentation. This paper focuses on the value of reducing sugar for 3%-5% w/v substrate loading under microwave-assisted alkaline hydrolysis treatment of durian seed starch. Constant alkaline concentration and microwave power with heating duration of 2-4 minutes are observed. The highest yield of reducing sugar is favourable to be furtherly utilized in the next process of bioethanol production. Keywords: Durian seed starch, Microwave-Assisted Alkaline, Hydrolysis, Bioethanol Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aulia Djati Pramiesta)

990	Mechanical Engineering	ABS-874
Axial Gas Turbine Design Model S-20 on the Blade Using CFD Fatkur Rachmanu Politeknik Enjinering Indorama Abstract In the design of a gas turbine as a power plant, the turbine manufacturer always redesigns for improvements from the previous design (continuous improvement). In this research discusses the redesign of a gas turbine for the S-20 power plant model. The use of software that has been used to get more tangible from the basic theory of gas turbine blades in this case is the average speed triangle. When discussing the beginning, middle, and end of profiles and blade hubs, meridian lines, and edges. It can be seen the change in gas flow on stator-rotor which is then absorbed by the kinetic energy of the gas that hits the blade to produce rotary energy. The results of this design produce as much power as 1 level. Producing more optimal blade shapes with NACA Numbers and Modeling using Computational Fluid Dynamic Solver (CFD). Keywords: redesign, blade, turbine, gas, CFD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fatkur Rachmanu)

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