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331	Physics	ABS-284
Identification of Flowing Electrolyte Lead Acid Battery Operating Voltage Kurriawan Budi Pranata1, a) Muhammad Ghufron2, b) , Istiroyah3, , Yuni Triasari4, Nur Khairati5, Muhammad Priyono Tri Sulistyanto6, Sulthoni Akbar7, Fauzan Azhiman Irham8 Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang Abstract Abstract. Research has been carried out to identify the operational voltage of the battery with flowing electrolyte conditions based on 30% concentration of H2SO4 solution. The battery consists of six unit cells using Pb and PbO electrodes. The battery is equipped with a 1200 mL electrolyte reservoir to supply electrolyte to each unit cell. So that each unit cell is given holes at the bottom and top to circulate the H2SO4 electrolyte solution using a magnetic pump. Furthermore, the five cycles of charging and discharging were tested using a constant current method of 2 A for the charging process and 0.5 A constant current for the emptying process assisted by the turnigy accu cell tool. During the test process, monitoring and recording of voltage data were carried out via a laptop PC, then the voltage data was processed using a webplotdigitizer, then graphed using microsoft excel was performed. The results of the test data identified the operational voltage of the battery performance with an average voltage of five cycles of the charging process of 13.98 volts and the average voltage during the discharge process of 12.11 volts. So a six cell battery assembled on a full charge works in the 12.11 volt-13.98 volt range. During the charging process using the 2 A constant current method, the battery takes an average of 7.49 hours. So it can be estimated that the battery charging capacity is 14980 mAh. Meanwhile, during the process of discharging the constant current method of 0.5 A, the battery requires a discharge time of 11 hours with a voltage drop of 10.81 volts. This means that the battery discharge capacity is 5500 mAh. Keywords: flowing electrolyte, charging, discharging, operational voltage. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kurriawan Pranata)

332	Physics	ABS-286
Making Briquettes Variation Ingredient Durian Peel, Husk Rice, and Shell Coconut - Impact on Strength, Burnability, Temperature and Calorific Value Indri Sari Utami 1, Dadi Rusdiana 2 , Irma Rahma Suwarma 3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia 1,2,3 Abstract Study this aim for develop and test characteristics briquettes durian skin with variation composition mixture conducted so that obtained briquettes from ingredient 100% durian skin, 100% husk rice, 100% shell coconut, 50% durian skin and 50 % shell coconut, 70% durian skin and 30% shell coconut, 50% durian skin and 50% husk, 70% durian skin and 30% husk, and 30% durian skin and 70% husk. Have testing to variable endurance after dropped from height 180 cm as influence from variation mixture so that from results the test obtained the missing mass by consecutive are 0.1 gr, 10 gr, 15.8 gr, 3.6 gr, 0.3 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.3 gr, and 0.4 gr. Test time burning by consecutive are 174 minutes , 120 minutes , 502 minutes , 410 minutes , 376 minutes , 406 minutes , 380 minutes , 367 minutes , and 280 minutes . The resulting calorific value consecutive are 105.8 kcal /kg, 124.9 kcal /kg, 135.3 kcal /kg, 38.2 kcal /kg, 121.5 kcal /kg, 59 kcal /kg, 95 kcal /kg, 128.4 kcal /kg, and 128.4 kcal /kg. Keywords: Briquette, durian peel, husk rice, shell coconut Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indri Sari Utami)

333	Physics	ABS-312
First-principles Calculations of Generating Magnetic States in AA-stacked Bilayer Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons Teguh Budi Prayitno Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract We explored the magnetic ground states in the AA-stacked bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons by employing first-principles calculations. We found the non-magnetic ground state for the same ribbon width at certain thicknesses, but then observed the magnetic ground state at the other thicknesses. As hole-electron doping was applied, a phase transition of magnetic ground state emerged for certain thicknesses, which means that a new magnetic ground state in the AA-stacked bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons can be tuned by the doping. Keywords: Graphene nanoribbon, Magnetic state, Phase transition Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teguh Budi Prayitno)

334	Physics	ABS-313
Nernst Coefficients of FeCl2 Monolayer under LDA+U Teguh Budi Prayitno, Esmar Budi, Riser Fahdiran Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract We investigated the influence of Coulomb repulsion via LDA+U method on the Nernst coefficients of FeCl2 monolayer. As the spin-orbit interaction is included, the state transition from metallic state to insulating state appears, in a good agreement with previous results. As the consequence, the Nernst coefficients reduces. This indicates that the Nernst coefficient depends on the electronic state. Keywords: Nernst coefficient, FeCl2, Coulomb repulsion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teguh Budi Prayitno)

335	Physics	ABS-61
THE INFLUENCE OF DISTANCE BETWEEN NEEDLE TIP AND COLLECTOR ON FORMATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOFIBERS WITH ELECTROSPINNING METHOD Intan Wandira (a*), Posman Manurung (b), Simon Sembiring (b) (a) Postgraduate Student of Physics Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung, Indonesia *intanwandira7[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Lampung, Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Abstract Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers has been successfully made using the electrospinning method. This study aims to determine the effect of distance variations on the morphology and crystal structure of TiO2 nanofibers. The variation of the distance between tip to collector used is 7, 9, 11 and 13 cm. The precursor used is TTIP, ethanol as a solvent, acetic acid as a catalyst and PVP as a fiber-forming polymer. The electrospinning process is carried out at a high voltage of 20 kV with a flow rate of 1.5 ml / hour then as-prepared nanofiber annealed at a temperature of 450oC for 3 hours. TiO2/PVP nanofibers are characterized using SEM-EDS and XRD. The results of the measurement of viscosity and surface tension showed that the TiO2/PVP solution could be processed by the electrospinning method. The value of viscosity and surface tension of the solution is 2,8 Pa.s and (28,9 ± 3,7) dyn/cm. The results of SEM characterization showed relatively uniform nanofiber morphology with fiber diameter ranging from 56 nm - 0,961 µm. The results of XRD characterization showed that the particle size of the TiO2 nanofibers ranged from 12 nm with the crystal structure formed, namely anatase phase. Keywords: distance, electrospinning, nanofiber, TiO2 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Intan Wandira)

336	Physics	ABS-66
Application of Generalized Reciprocal Method on 2D Seismic Refraction Data in Mt. Manglayang, West Java Yosi Dinar Nugerahani (a), Firman Hadi Muhammad (b), Reva Wiratama (c*), Imamal Muttaqien (a), Rena Denya Agustina (d) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung b) Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia c) Department of Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Poland *revawiratama[at]outlook.com d) Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, , State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Abstract The imaging of shallow subsurface structures, weathered rock thickness and velocity propagation distribution of the rocks can be identified by seismic refraction, this method is one of geophysical exploration method utilizing refracted wave once it reaches the boundary of subsurface layer. In this research we used Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) as one of robust processing method in analyzing subsurface data, this method was chosen due to its accuracy to interpret shallow subsurface layer with high undulating refractors by determining Time Velocity analysis, XY optimum distances, and Time Depth analysis, then, the expected depth values can be achieved. The acquisitions of data for this research had been conducted using 13 geophones with the forward and reverse sources, the data then were picked to get travel time values and inverted to obtain real geological setting of the earth. The results were interpreted as 2 layers, the first layer had velocity distribution at 499,289 m/s which was identified as weathered layer with the thickness about 4,74 meters, whereas the second layer was interpreted as clay rock with velocity distribution at 1270,433 m/s with the thickness reached up to 16 meters. Keywords: Seismic Refraction- Travel Time- Generalized Reciprocal Method- Shallow Subsurface Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reva Wiratama)

337	Physics	ABS-85
Absorbance Optical Properties Calculation of ABX3 (A = Cs, Li- B = Pb- X = I, Br, Cl) Cubic Phase using Density Functional Theory (DFT) Method Aidha Ratna Fajarini Sidik1, Pina Pitriana2, a), Hasniah Aliah1 1Physics Program Study, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Jl. A.H. Nasution, Bandung, Indonesia. 2Physics Education Program Study, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Jl. A.H. Nasution, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Organic-inorganic perovskite is attracting much attention because it can use for optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells and energy storage materials. In this study, we calculated the absorbance optical properties of perovskite ABX3 (A = Cs, Li- B = Pb- X = I, Br, Cl) in the cubic phase using Density Functional Theory, one of the most common methods for analyzing the optical properties of materials. These studies were undertaken to determine the optical absorbance properties of the ABX3 perovskite as a potential for optoelectronic applications. The calculation was initiated by finding the optimization of pseudopotential and k_point, and pseudopotential GGA-PBE and k_point 8 x 8 x 8 are used as parameters to calculate absorbance optical properties. The absorbance calculation results are at a wavelength of 305.59 nm with a bandgap of 1.7608 eV for CsPbBr3, 380.78 nm with a bandgap of 2.27 eV for CsPbCl3, 301.86 nm with a bandgap of 1.35 eV for CsPbI3, 225.04 nm with a bandgap of 1.72 eV for LiPbBr3, 201.25 nm with a bandgap of 1.55 eV for LiPbCl3, 211.58 nm with a bandgap of 1.24 eV for LiPbI3. These results indicate that ABX3 (A = Cs, Li- B = Pb- X = I, Br, Cl) has a good absorbance ability. These properties make ABX3 a potential material for optoelectronic applications. Keywords: Absorbance Optical Properties, Perovskite, DFT, Cubic Phase, Optoelectronic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pina Pitriana)

338	Physics	ABS-87
Utilization of Semi-Cylinder Capacitors for Level Measurement Thai Type Cassava Starch Dina Mauliyani Qoriah (a*), Arif Surtono (b), Gurum Ahmad Pauzi (b), Sri Wahyu Suciyati (b) a) Physics Instrumentation of Faculty of Math and Science, Lampung University Jalan Sumantri Brojonegoro No 1 Gedong Meneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia b) Faculty of Math and Science, Lampung University Jalan Sumantri Brojonegoro No 1 Gedong Meneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia Abstract It has been realized that the measurement of the Thai type of cassava starch using a semi-cylindrical capacitor. This measurement is carried out by providing an input signal to the semi-cylindrical capacitor plate using the IC XR-2206 oscillator with a frequency of 100 kHz. The output signal from the capacitor is in the form of an AC voltage which is then forwarded to the full wave rectifier circuit. The output voltage of the rectifier is a DC voltage and the results are displayed using a DSO oscilloscope. Cassava starch content was measured using the specific gravity method and the stress was measured using a semicylindrical capacitor. In measuring the starch content, the starch content was 19.12 - 28.76% (range 9.64%) and gave an output voltage of 7.53 - 7.89 V (range 0.36 V). By using the linear regression method, the characteristic equation V = 0.035 KP + 6.871 and correlation value are obtained equal to 0.985. Keywords: Semi-cylindrical capacitor- voltage- starch content Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dina Mauliyani Qoriah)

339	Physics	ABS-100
Spherical Photon Orbit around a Kerr-Newman Black Hole A. S. Alam (a), B. N. Jayawiguna (b), H. S. Ramadhan (c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. a) agya.sewara01[at]ui.ac.id b) byon.nugraha91[at]ui.ac.id c) hramad[at]sci.ui.ac.id Abstract It is well-known that, since azimuthal symmetry is broken for rotating black hole, the corresponding orbit is not confined to an equatorial plane. Recently there have been studies on the spherical photon orbit for Kerr black. In this paper, we investigate the spherical photon orbits around a rotating charged black hole (Kerr-Newman) and see how the charge alters the classifications of orbits. The analytic solutions of the geodesics equation are derived and several orbital paths are shown. Keywords: Geodesics- Equatorial plane- Kerr Newmann Black hole Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agya Sewara Alam)

340	Physics	ABS-110
Determination of mechanical properties by ultrasonic method Mohammed ElSaid SARHANI, Mohamed Lamine BELKHIR Laboratoire de physique des materiaux, Unuversite of Laghouat Abstract This work deals with the experimental study of some samples (Aluminum alloy, steel X52 and steel X70 ), in order to determine the mechanical properties using ultrasound. Based on the results of the simulation of the acoustic signal received by the sonic probe, we can exploit the signal obtained experimentally, using the longitudinal and transverse velocity relationships that enable it to calculate the young modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio of the studied samples. Keywords: NDT, ultrasonic testing, acoustic waves, elastic waves, elasticity modulus, young^s modulus Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohammed ElSaid Sarhani)

341	Physics	ABS-388
Electrospun Gelatin/Cellulose Acetate as a Carrier of Garcinia mangostana L. Pericarp Extract F H Kusumah (a*), M M Munir (b), and Khairurrijal (b) a) Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta *fujikusumah[at]uinjkt.ac.id b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Mangosteen or Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp extract (GP) containing α-mangostin has therapeutic potential as an antioxidative agent. However, α-mangostin has low solubility in aqueous solution and is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration. The solubility of α-mangostin can be enhanced by incorporating GP into nano-sized carriers, such as nanofibers. This study aimed to produce gelatin/cellulose acetate (CA) fibers as a carrier for GP using the electrospinning technique. SEM characterization showed that gelatin/CA fibers at a mass ratio of 6:4 (GC0) had an average diameter of 835 nm. Meanwhile, gelatin/CA/GP fibers generated from precursor solutions with the solution mass ratio of gelatin/CA to GP were 12:1 (GC1), 8:1 (GC2) and 6:1 (GC3), had average diameters of 682, 525 and 359 nm, respectively. The presence of ethanolic GP solution in GC0 precursor solution decreased solution viscosity but increased its conductivity. Furthermore, the FTIR transmission spectra of GP, GC0 and GC2 fibers implied that the incorporation of GP altered the intermolecular interaction of gelatin/CA molecules. Keywords: Electrospinning, nanofibers, Garcinia mangostana L Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fuji Hernawati Kusumah)

342	Physics	ABS-139
Potential of Solar Energy Mapping in East Priangan Using Satellite Imagery and Environmental Based on GIS Riki Purnama Putra*, Seni Susanti, Indy Ramadhanti, Rena Denya Agustina Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Abstract Renewable energy is an energy that can be used to turn on all the energy that is still widely used in the world, including in Indonesia. Solar energy is a renewable energy that uses solar energy as the main ingredient in the formation of electrical energy. Solar energy is one of the most likely energies in a country that is on the equator like Indonesia. One of the interesting problems is how to determine the most effective area for the installation of solar power plants so as to make the power received by the power plant more effective. This study aims to analyze the effective area for installing solar panels using a geographic information system (GIS) as well as mapping of centralized solar power (CSP) and centralized solar photovoltaic (SPV) in the East Priangan area, West Java. The method used in this study is based on the use of remote sensing of the average annual horizontal radiation (GHI) and normal direct radiation (DNI). Solar irradiation data (GHI and DNI) were obtained from data from the surface meteorological program and solar energy by NASA, while Land Use/Land Cover, and Digital Elevation Models were used with the use of GIS. The results show that high areas in East Priangan get more effective CSP and SPV results than low areas, but low areas show an average effectiveness value in denuded areas. Keywords: CSP- CSV- East Priangan- GIS- Solar Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riki Purnama Putra)

343	Physics	ABS-144
THE INFLUENCE OF VOLTAGE TOWARDS TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOFIBERS FORMATION BY USING ELECTROSPINNING METHOD Ira Sudarsono Putri (a*), Posman Manurung (b), Dwi Asmi (b) Master of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Lampung, 1st Sumantri Bojonegoro Street, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, 35141 (a)Corresponding Author: Putriira245[at]gmail.com, (b) reip65[at]yahoo.com, (c) dwiasmi82[at]yahoo.com Abstract TiO2 nanofibers have been succesfully produced by Electrospinning Method. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of voltage variety towards morphology, fiber diameter size and structure of TiO2 nanofibers crystal. TiO2 synthesis is done by using sol-gel method. This research use TTIP materials as precursor, ethanol as solvent, acetic acid as catalyst and PVP as polymer of fibers formation. The variety of voltage which have been used such as 16, 18,22, and 24 kV. Electrospinning process is done through the distance of tip to the collector by 13 cm with 1,5 ml/hour flow rate and is calcined at temperature of 450o C for 3 hours. The results of TiO2/PVP viscosity measurement obtains value of 2889,96 cP and Nanofibers TiO2/PVP voltage surface at (29 ±3) dyn/cm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization shows nanofibers morphology which is relatively uniform and rather continuous with the diameter size of fibers decreases along with the increase of electrospinning voltage at fibers diameter size between 194-255 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis result show that crystal peak formed on TiO2 nanofibers is anatase phase. Keywords: Electrospinning, nanofibers, TiO2, Electrospinning voltage, PVP Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ira Sudarsono Putri)

344	Physics	ABS-408
Ring Artifact on SPECT Image due to Arbitrary Position of PMT Malfunction D Prayogo (1), A T Oktaviana (1,2,*), M N Ramadhan (1), R Afiva (1), Z Nisa (1), A S Lubis (1), O T Cahayaputri (1), M R Ramadhan (1) 1) Study Program of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Military, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, 16810, Indonesia 2) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia *aditya.oktaviana[at]idu.ac.id Abstract To obtain high-quality images using SPECT (Single Photon Computed Emission Tomography) imaging, quality control (QC) is required. QC is periodically conducted on SPECT based on standard protocol. Ring artifact are one of the factors in determining optimal image quality. Uniformity is a parameter that determines the ring artifact on SPECT image, which can be appeared as full-ring or half-ring. Those artifact generated since one or more PMT (photomultiplier tubes) are malfunctioning. A copper sheet sizes 2 \times 2 cm^2 and thickness 1 mm attached on LEHR (Low Energy High Resolution) collimator in coordinates (x.y) depend from COR (Center of Rotation) of gamma camera was used to generate ring artifact during image acquisition using radioisotope TC-99m and Jaszczak phantom. The image obtained are half-ring shaped, which is not much different from the image results at coordinates (x, 0). Keywords: PMT, QC, ring artifact, SPECT image, uniformity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aditya Tri Oktaviana)

345	Physics	ABS-170
Effect of Moon Phase on Physical Parameters at the mouth of the river W Setya and E Paujiah UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Abstract Light from the sun is the need for living things both on land and in the air. The moon, as a medium that reflects sunlight in one month, has several phases. This phase affects the situation on earth, especially river mouths. This study aims to determine the effect of the moon phase on physical parameters (water temperature, air temperature, wind speed, and light intensity) at the river mouth. This research was conducted in 4 moon phases on the physics parameters at three coastal estuaries during the day and night. Based on the study results, it was found that the moon phase of the physical parameters is very influential on the number of micro-organisms. The number of organisms in each estuary also shows different characteristics according to moon phase conditions. Keywords: Moon Phase, Physic, water temperature, air temperature, wind speed, and light intensity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Winda Setya)

346	Physics	ABS-221
Electrical Properties of Gd-and Mn-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 Thick Films for Ethanol Gas Sensors Gizella Mentari Putri(a), Muhamad Taufik Ulhakim(a), Andhy Setiawan(a), Dani Gustaman Syarif(b),Endi Suhendi(a*) (a)Physics Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia *endis[at]upi.edu (b)Center of Science and Technology of Applied Nuclear, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN), Jl. Tamansari No. 71 Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. Herein, electrical properties of ethanol gas sensing based on Gd-and Mn-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 thick films were investigated. The Gd-and Mn-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 synthesized by coprecipitation method and formed to thick films using screen-printing techniques with sintering temperature at 900&deg-C. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to determined the crystal and morphological structures. The results showed that the synthesized materials have three phase i.e. tetragonal, cubic, and hexagonal, respectively for Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3. Also, the average particle size of about 0.51 µm. Among all those circumstances, synthesized materials indicates a good performances as ethanol gas sensing that showed in the electrical properties measurement. It tested in different ethanol containing i.e. 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. The highest response to ethanol gases was reached in 300 ppm, it is 332 with optimum temperature at 289&deg-C. We hoped our findings could be a good information and helped an perfect fabrication of ethanol gas sensors in the future. Keywords: Gd-and Mn-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3- Thick Films- Ethanol gas sensors Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gizella Mentari Putri)

347	Physics	ABS-222
Fabrication of Gadolinium Oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 Thick Films by Screen Printing Technique and Their Electrical Properties for Ethanol Gas Sensors Agustina(a), Muhamad Taufik Ulhakim(a), Andhy Setiawan(a), Dani Gustaman Syarif(b),Endi Suhendi(a*) (a) Physics Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia *endis[at]upi.edu (b) Center of Science and Technology of Applied Nuclear, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN), Jl. Tamansari No. 71 Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Recently, there are many researchers who discussed the screen printing techniques (SPT) as a good approached to fabricated the thick films for gas sensors application. In this work, the SPT were conducted to fabricated the thick films based on gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 that applied as ethanol gas sensors. The crystal and morphological structures were investigated using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It is shows that there are three phase of crystal structure of gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 i.e. rhombohedral, orthorombic, and hexagonal. The morphological structure shows the average particel size of about 0.61 μm. Furthermore, the electrical properties measurement were explore to ensure the performances of thick films on detecting the ethanol gases. The measurement were conducted in the range of temperature of about 310 &deg-C to 325 &deg-C and in the various of ethanol gas containing, it is 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. This result showed that the highest response of thick films in existence of ethanol gases (300 ppm) is 427 with optimum temperature of 319 &deg-C. It is also confirmed that SPT as an excellent approached in thick film fabrication to produce gas sensor device with a good performances. Keywords: Screen-printing techniques (SPT)- Gadolinium Oxide- Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3- Ethanol gas sensors Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agustina Agustina)

348	Physics	ABS-225
ANALYSIS OF CORROSION RATE OF Zn AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Cu(Ag)-Zn ELECTRODES WITH THE USE OF Mg AS SACRIFICIAL ANODE IN SEA WATER BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL Mia Abi Nisa Uniersitas Lampung Abstract This research was conducted to determine the corrosion rate of Zn protected with Mg metal as a sacrificial anode in electrochemical cell with Cu(Ag)-Zn electrodes, and to determine the electrical characteristics of the cell. Electrodes are made of Cu fibers with a length of 2 m per strand and Zn plates with dimensions of 10 cm long and 3.5 cm wide. Cu is coated with Ag metal using the electroplating method, while Zn metal is protected with Mg metal as a sacrificial anode. The experimental device consists of 20 electrochemical cells arranged in series, and each cell was filled with 300 mL of water. The electrochemical cell was connected to a 3 watt 12 volt LED load for 72 hours. The data collected are mass of Zn and electrical characteristics include voltage, current, and light intensity for 72 hours. From the results of Zn mass measurements before and after use, the corrosion rate was calculated, while the voltage and current were used to calculate internal resistance and power. The results showed that the use of Mg as a sacrificial anode resulted in better electrical characteristics including voltage, current, light intensity, and power, while reducing internal resistance compared to electrochemical cells without the use of a Mg sacrificial anode. The use of Mg sacrificial anode on electrochemical cells was found to lead to threefold decrease of corrosion rate of Zn electrode, compared to that of the cell without Mg sacrificial anode. Keywords: Electrical characteristic- electrochemical cell- sacrficial anode- seawater Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mia Abi Nisa)

349	Physics	ABS-485
Analysis of the Impact of Earthquakes in Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia) using MASW, SPAC, and HVSR Methods Teguh Rahayu (a*), Zulkifli Nasution (a), Roesyanto (a), Dwikorita Karnawati (b) a) Management of Natural Resources and Environment, Sumatera Utara University, Medan, Indonesia *ayugraha76[at]gmail.com b) Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract The city of Medan located in the northern part of Sumatra has often been shaken by earthquake both from subduction zone and active faults. To investigate the impact of earthquakes in the city, we used the Multichannel Seismic Analysis Surface Wave (MASW), Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC), and Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) methods. The results of these methods show that Tdom values vary between 0.0907 s and 8.30723 s which means that the subsurface beneath Medan consists of soft to medium soil type and the engineering bedrock at a depth of 290-300 m. Our results show that several areas in Medan have a high risk of earthquakes impacts. The results of this study can be used by the Medan government for making regional planning decisions and developing infrastructure as well as this study can be taken into account in the preparation of regional regulations for mitigating earthquakes impacts such as landslides, liquefaction, and ground movement. Keywords: Medan- earthquake- MASW- SPAC- HVSR Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teguh Rahayu)

350	Physics	ABS-239
First principles study on opto-electronic under pressure effect of TiO2 as electron transport material for perovskites solar cells Mohamed lamine BELKHIR , Mohamed elsaid SARHANI , Ahmed GUEDDOUH Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux , Université Amar Telidji de Laghouat - Algérie Abstract The main objective behind this present research work is to study this compound TiO2 because of the large use as electron transport material for perovskites solar cells in 0 GPa and under pressure from 0 GPa to 50 GPa and study the behavior under pressure and study the properties in 0 GPa and under pressure. Using the program (CASTEP) which uses a method of pseudo-potential, which is based on density functional theory (DFT), we calculate the properties of the structural, electronic, mechanical and optical of compound TiO2 fluorite and pyrite have used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) to calculate the exchange and correlation potential for calculating structural properties (grid constant), electronic properties (band structure and density of states), elastic properties (elastic constants, the elastic modules) And the results obtained agreement experimental and theoretical results available.To understand the properties of materials from a microscopic point of view, we resort to the study of structural properties under normal conditions and under pressure. The application of a hydrostatic pressure hydrostatic pressure to a solid, induces a change of volume and symmetry (phase transition). The phase transition is produced when a phase becomes unstable under given thermodynamic conditions. thermodynamic conditions. The most stable phase corresponds to a minimum energy (G or Hat T=0). During this transition the internal energy will be modified, which means a modification of the equilibrium parameters, such as the lattice parameter. Keywords: Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamed lamine BELKHIR)

351	Physics Education	ABS-256
Feasibility of Integrating Self-regulated Learning in Physics-STEM Module to Train Creative Thinking Skill Sri Wahyuni (a*), Irma Rahma Suwarma (a), Lilik Hasanah (a) (a) Departemen Pendidikan Fisika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung 40154, Indonesia *yunnisw[at]upi.edu Abstract One of the important components that support the achievement of learning objectives in teaching and learning process is teaching materials. A module is one of the teaching materials that is systematically designed based on curriculum and packaged into learning units, so that it can be used independently by students to achieve learning objectives. Learning objectives in the 21st century is oriented to 21st century skills, one of them is creative thinking skills that can be trained through STEM approach^ learning. On the other hand, implementing STEM learning in Islamic boarding schools requires self-regulated learning. This is intended to foster student independence in order to have optimal learning achievement both academically and tahfidz. Considering that learning in Islamic boarding schools has a solid routine and demands for more learning outcomes. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research on the development of integrating self-regulated learning on physics-STEM module to train creative thinking skills. This study uses mix method with a sequential exploratory design. It is intended to obtain qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data is needed to design self-regulated learning on physics-STEM module. Quantitative data is used to determine the validity of the module feasibility and improvement of creative thinking skills. However, in this study only arrived in the feasibility of the integrating self-regulated in physics-STEM module, so it emphasizes more on qualitative data. The creative thinking skill instrument was designed based on the 2021 PISA framework. The participants in this study were were 3 lecturers of expert validator. The results showed that the validation of self-regulated learning in Physics-STEM module in very high category. Keywords: module, STEM, self-regulated learning, creative thinking skill Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Wahyuni)

352	Physics Education	ABS-1
Development of an Integrated Type of Science Student Book with the Theme of Energy in Life Based on Local Content to Improve 21st Century Learning Zaitul Hidayat (a*), Ratnawulan (b) a) Department of Physics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The State University of Padang, Indonesia Abstract Integrated Science student book learning and assessment should contain the relevant characteristics of 21st century learning aimed at developing talents, interests, and potential learners to character, competent and ready to face the global challenges. This article aims to develop and evaluate an integrated science student books with theme-based energy in the lives of local materials using integrated models to for 21st century skills evaluation consists of a review of experts and practitioners, based on the value of the three experts and two practitioners, testing practicality by 34 students and testing the effectiveness of skills students after the students use this science student book. Therefore, the results showed that this books is valid, practical, and effective. Based on these results, it appears that integrated science student book with the theme of energy in the life of local material using integrated models can improve student^s 21st century skills. Keywords: Science Student Book- Energy in Life- Based on Local Content- 21st Century Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zaitul Hidayat)

353	Physics Education	ABS-258
Development of scientific process-creative skills (SP-CS) test on light wave concept: Rasch model analysis Royhanun Athiyyah (a*), Selly Feranie (a), Taufik Ramlan Ramalis (a) a) Departemen Pendidikan Fisika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229 Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Most creativity assessments are carried out in general fields, whereas creativity assessments in specific fields are rarely carried out. This study aims to develop a scientific creative skills test instrument that is integrated with a scientific process skills test instrument (SP-CS test) on the light waves concept. This study uses a mixed method with exploratory sequential design. The research procedure consists of five stages including analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. The initial draft of SP-CS test consisted of 21 multiple choice scientific process skills (SPS) questions and 15 open-ended scientific creative skills (SCS) questions. Scientific Creative Skills (SCS) test instrument developed based on the Scientific Creativity Structure Model compiled by Weiping Hu and Philip Adey. The results of the expert judgement were analyzed using the content validity index (CVI) and obtained a value of 0.75 (very suitable) for the SPS instrument and 0.60 (suitable) for the SCS instrument. After being revised based on the expert suggestions, the test instrument was tested on 33 students (20 girls,13 boys) aged 17-18 years. The trial data were analyzed using the Rasch Model. The results of the analysis show that 19 SPS items and 14 SCS items had item fit and distinction level. Furthermore, the item reliability of the SPS instrument is 0.79 (sufficient) and the SCS instrument is 0.91 (very good). Therefore, the SP-CS test is valid and reliable so that it can be used to measure scientific process skills and scientific creative skills of students in further research. Keywords: Scientific Creativity-Scientific Process Skills-Light Wave-Test Instrument- Rasch Model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Royhanun Athiyyah)

354	Physics Education	ABS-516
The different approaches between Kepler and Newton in determining the force laws Yuvita Oktarisa Department of Physics Education, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia Abstract One of Kepler^s most significant contributions to science was finding planetary motion laws, which is the foundation of celestial mechanincs. Kepler^s laws of planetary motion were not merely guesswork. He tried to apply his understanding of the relationship between force and distance to explain his planetary laws^ physical reason. However, there is usually no akcnowledgement in introductory physics textbook to the topic of Kepler^s laws regarding how Kepler tried to explain his planetary laws. Most of the introductory physics textbooks only give Newton^s description explaianing Kepler^s laws of planetary motion. This paper describes different approaches between Kepler and Newton in determining the force law and discusses some of its pedagogical implications. Keywords: Kepler^s distance law, Newton^s centripetal force, the force law Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yuvita Oktarisa Oktarisa)

355	Physics Education	ABS-518
Analysis of Physics Textbook Used in Senior High School for Insertion of the Nature of Science Irwan Koto, Nadzipa Safhirad Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Training and Education, Bengkulu University, 38371A Abstract The study analyzed two-grade X physics textbooks published by Erlangga and Yudhistira. The analyzed textbooks emphasized the insertion of four aspects of the nature of science (NOS), consisting of science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of investigating- science as a way of thinking- and science and its interaction with technology and society. The content analyzed is the subject matter in the odd semester. The raters consisted of one physics lecturer (rater 1) and two teachers (rater 2 and 3). The raters used the scoring rubric developed by the researchers based on indicators from the four aspects of NOS. The results stated that Erlangga^s Textbook inserted (a) the first 58.46% of the NOS aspects- (b) 26.28% second aspect of NOS- (c) 31.78% of the third aspect of NOS- and (c) 16.86% of the fourth aspect of NOS. Also, the results in Yudhistira^s book revealed that (a) the first 49.55% of the NOS aspects- (b) 13.88% second aspect of NOS- (c) 24.55% third aspect of NOS- and (d) 12.01% of the fourth aspect of NOS. The percentage of inter-rater agreement ranged from 70% to 88%. The percent agreement strengthens with the interval of kappa value from 0.60 to 0.88. The results indicated that the two books devoted half of the learning material reflected knowledge science as a body of knowledge but neglected science as a way of investigating, and science and its interaction with technology and society. Keywords: Physics high school textbook, Nature of Science Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irwan Koto)

356	Physics Education	ABS-7
The Level of Higher Order Thinking Skill in Basic Physics Practicum Widyaningrum Indrasari (a), Wulandari Fitriani (b*), Agus Setyo Budi (c) a) Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jalan Rawamangun Muka No.11, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta 13220, Indonesia b) Magister of Physics Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jalan Rawamangun Muka No.11, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta 13220, Indonesia *wulandarif311[at]gmail.com c) Physics Education Department, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jalan Rawamangun Muka No.11, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Abstract Higher Thinking Order Skills (HOTS) must be trained. To train HOTS required process and media. This study aims to produce a basic physics practicum module designed with stages that train HOTS. This development research model uses the Dick & Carrey model. The resulting practicum module is equipped with OR-Code media. The results of this research have obtained a set of practicum modules with the activity stages supporting the formation of HOTS in Physics education students. The HOTS trained include the abilities of: 1) creative thinking, 2) critical thinking, 3) observing, 4) logical thinking, 5) experimental investigation, 6) grouping data, 7) comparing relationships between variables, 8) inductive reasoning, 9) deductive reasoning, 10) systems analysis, and 11) conceptualizing data. The feasibility level of the practicum module was obtained, the feasibility of the material was 89.33%, the media feasibility was 92.92% and the learning feasibility was 93.95%. The validation results show that the practicum module product produced is declared feasible to be used in training students^ HOTS in Basic Physics practicum. Keywords: HOTS- Basic physics, Practicum module Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wulandari Fitriani)

357	Physics Education	ABS-267
Analysis of relations between self-efficacy and student numeration capabilities based on the minimum competency assessment (AKM) in class X physics material Jannatun Latifah and Fathiah Alatas Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between the ability to numerate students in resolving the minimum competency assessment (AKM) with self-efficacy. Using Simple Random Sampling, there are 157 class X students in one of the high schools in West Java involved consisting of 55 men and 102 women. Data collection is done using AKM test instruments and self-efficacy questionnaires. The issue of AKM provided consists of a different cognitive level, namely understanding, application, and reasoning and diverse forms of questions, namely multiple choice, complex multiple choices, fields, matching and descriptions. The reliability of the AKM and self-efficacy instruments is 0.82 and 0.85 the results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between students^ numeration abilities and self efficacy. The study also shows that student numeration abilities are still low where most students are still at the base level (59%). Meanwhile, Sellf Efficacy Most students are in the medium category (75%). The implications, the ability of student numeration in Indonesia still need to be improved and the effort to increase also needs to consider students^ self efficacy. Keywords: Assessment, Numerical Ability, Self-Efficacy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jannatun Latifah)

358	Physics Education	ABS-268
Effect of E-Module Based on Search, Solve, Create and Share (SSCS) Learning Model on Students^ Creative Thinking Ability in Vibration and Wave Concepts Bimbi Kartini, Fathiah Alatas, M.Si Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta Abstract Creative thinking ability is one of the abilities that are expected to be mastered by students in studying science such as physics. However, in reality the ability to think creatively in Junior High School (SMP) on the concept of physics has not been taken seriously, so that students are not stimulated to think creatively as a result, students are not accustomed to giving various ideas or questions related to natural phenomena. One way to improve students^ creative thinking skills in physics learning is to use teaching materials in the form of E-modules that are compiled using the Search, Solve, Create, And Share (SSCS) learning model that can be applied to vibration and wave materials. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 students of class VIII SMP Sulthan Bogor Regency with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instrument used is an instrument of creative thinking ability which consists of 10 essay questions. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using an e-module based on the Search, Solve, Create and Share (SSCS) model, it has an effect on students^ creative thinking skills. Based on the results of the N-gain, the creative thinking ability of the experimental class students has increased, namely the N-gain of 0.4 (medium category) compared to the control class of 0.1 (low category). Keywords: SSCS E-module, Creative Thinking Ability, Vibration Wave Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bimbi Kartini)

359	Physics Education	ABS-14
Development of Structured Essay Questions in Sound Wave Materials to Measure The Student^s Higher Order Thinking Skills at Senior High School 2 Purworejo Fianti (a), Ma^rifatul Illa (a*), Ellianawati (a), Bambang Subali (a) a) Physics Education, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang Jalan Sekaran, Semarang 50229, Indonesia *fianti[at]mail.unnes.ac.id Abstract Students in a school were expected for not only have a lower thinking skills, had higher thinking skills too. We need a measuring instrument to know how much student^s higher order thinking skills, one of them is structured essay questions. Structured essay questions could shown us the student^s higher order thinking skills and helped them to solve the question problems systematically. This research used the Research and Development method which produced structured essay questions. The purpose of this research were to know how the character of essay structured questions that valid to measure the student^s higher order thinking skills and determined the effectiveness level of structured essay questions in measured student^s thinking skills on sound wave materials. This research was held in SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo. The feasibility test was done with giving a product feasibility questionnaire to expert people and students. Product effectiveness test was done with calculating the correlation between student^s daily test scores on sound wave materials by using non-structured essay questions and student^s test scores using structured essay questions. The result of the feasibility structured essay test based on expert opinion was 87,65%, so the product was included in very worhty category. The result of the effectiveness test showed the correlation coefficient of student^s daily test scores using non-structured essay question with daily test scores using structured essay questions was 88,9% and included in very good criteria. So, it can be concluded that structured essay questions on sound wave materials are valid and effective to measure the student^s higher order thinking skills. Keywords: Structured Essay Questions- Sound Wave Materials- Higher Order Thinking Skills Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (- Fianti)

360	Physics Education	ABS-282
Development and Validation of Manipulatives for Home-Based Physics Experiments Anna Carmela B. Bonifacio (a,b), Voltaire M. Mistades (b*) (a) Philippine Science High School (b) De La Salle University *voltaire.mistades[at]dlsu.edu.ph Abstract The aim of this study is to design and validate manipulatives for home-based Physics experiments. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused tremendous and rapid changes to educational systems worldwide, immediately shifting from traditional on-the-ground teaching to virtual classroom instruction or modular learning approach to name a few. Similarly, it has made doing laboratory experiments problematic. Demonstrations are limited just to the four corners of the electronic gadget^s screen while simulations can only do so much in terms of experiential learning: hence, the urgency of developing of these low-cost laboratory kits for students^ use at home. The laboratory activities and kits went through thorough examination for validation by three experts in the field of Physics, all of whom are Masters-degree holders. The setup was found to be valid, with an overall mean of 4.67 from a 5-point Likert scale validation tool. The effectiveness, in terms of performance of learners, was established using quasi-experimental methods involving 30 students in the control group and 30 learners in the experimental group. The control group was exposed to customary lectures via online class with virtual simulations. The students in the experimental group attended the same online lectures and were provided with the home-based manipulatives kit. The analysis and interpretation of data collected from the pretest-posttest scores of the student-participants revealed that the laboratory manipulative kits are effective and highly acceptable. The normalized gains of the experimental group increased significantly as compared with the control group. Keywords: Experiment, Physics, Manipulatives, Laboratory skills, Experiential learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Voltaire Mistades)

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