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331	Mathematics Education	ABS-186
Students Errors in Solving Mathematical Problems Based on Newman Procedures Vanya Aridanthy (1*), Dadan Dasari (2), Sufyani Prabawanto (2) 1*)Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia 2)Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *vanyaaridanthy[at]upi.edu Abstract This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in mathematics, one of which is in solving mathematics problems. This study aims to determine the type of error, causes, and overcome the students errors, especially in completing mathematical problems dealing with fraction. The subjects of this study were 3 students of grade 4, a elementary school in Padang. Newman error analysis procedure were used to identify the errors. The study is a qualitative research with a case study design. The data collection used from written test and interview. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the students made conceptual and procedural errors. The students conceptual errors were found in: (1) errors in addition of fractions, and (2) errors in subtracting of fractions. Meanwhile, students procedural errors were found in: (1) reading errors in understanding the problem, (2) errors in transformation, (3) errors in the counting process, and (4) errors in writing answers. The causes of this error is students do not understand what is meant by the solution to fractions and not familiar with fraction operation problems. Keywords: Mathematical Problems- Fractions- Newman Procedure Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vanya Aridanthy)

332	Mathematics Education	ABS-187
Ways of Thinking and Ways of Understanding of Students in Solving Problem of Sequence and Series Viewed by Gender Nelvita Febrina Hasan (1*), Nurjanah (1), Sufyani Prabawanto (1) 1) Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *nelvitafebrina[at]upi.edu Abstract Each student has a thought process that tends to be diverse and unique in solving a mathematical problem. The thought process is influenced by her/his understanding of a concept. This study aims to describe ways of thinking and ways of understanding of students in solving problems of sequence and series viewed by gender factor. The research method is qualitative research with phenomenology design. The technique of data analysis used observations, interviews, and tests. The research subject were students of grade XI of a senior high school in Pekanbaru. The results showed that male students ways of thinking and ways of understanding tends to use semi conceptual thinking process in solving the problem of sequence and series, where as the female students ways of thinking and ways of understanding tends to use conceptual thinking process in solving the problem of sequence and series. The analysis of this study can be used as material for consideration to make learning designs on the sequence and series material that are in accordance with the ways of thinking and ways of understanding of students. Keywords: Ways of Thinking, Ways of Understanding, Gender, Sequence and Series Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nelvita Febrina Hasan)

333	Mathematics Education	ABS-189
Students Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on the Topic Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables Viewed by Gender Winda Dwinovita (1*), Rizky Rosjanuardi (1), Sufyani Prabawanto (1) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *windadwinovita[at]upi.edu Abstract Problem solving is one of the abilities that must be mastered by students. Problem solving abilities can be influenced by gender factors. The purpose of this research was to obtain a description of students mathematical problem solving abilities on the topic systems of linear equations in two variables viewed by gender. This research was a qualitative research with a phenomenological design. The subjects in this research were students of grade 8th of a junior high school in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatera. There were 6 students selected consisting of 3 male and female students. The data were collected by using test, interview, and documentation. The results showed that the male students are unable to understand the problems, plan the solutions, solve the problems, and validate the solutions. Meanwhile, the female students are able to understand the problems, but they are unable to plan the solutions, solve the problems, and validate the solutions. Keywords: Mathematical Problem Solving- Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables- Gender Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Winda Dwinovita)

334	Mathematics Education	ABS-445
Analysis of Students Mathematical Representation Ability in Materials on Flat Shapes On New Normal Area Luthfina Fauziati (a*), Dian Usdiyana (b) a*) Mathematics Education Study Program, Postgraduate School, Indonesian Education University, Jl. R. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia b) Department of Mathematics Education, Postgraduate School, Indonesian Education University, Jl. R. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to analyze the mathematical representation ability of junior high school students in the material on flat shapes on the new normal area. The learning process is currently being carried out face-to-face in schools. However, to prevent and spread Covid-19 in schools, learning is carried out alternately with 50 percent face-to-face learning and 50 percent independently at home. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in the study to analyze the mathematical representation abilities of these students were grade VII students in the second semester of the 2020/2021 academic year in Dharmasraya, West Sumatra with a sample of 20 students. The instruments used in this study were tests of students mathematical representation abilities and interviews. Each question contains indicators of students^ mathematical representation ability. The indicators measured are visual representation, expression representation, and word representation. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the level of students^ mathematical representation ability was still low (52.65). In general, students still experience problems in using their mathematical representation skills, students must be able to sharpen their representation skills both in visual representation, symbol representation, and verbal representation. By mastering mathematical representation skills, it can make it easier for students to solve mathematical problems, and there will be fewer conceptual errors. Keywords: Representation, Flat shape, Visual, Expression, Word Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luthfina Fauziati)

335	Mathematics Education	ABS-446
Ethnomathematics: numerical literacy in the dawan language system dialects of the amanuban tribe and its relation to mathematics learning Farida Daniel (a,b*), Didi Suryadi (a), Sufyani Prabawanto (a) a. Department of Mathematics Education, Indonesian Education University, Jl. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *faridadaniel[at]upi.edu b. Mathematics Education Study Program, STKIP Soe, Jl. Badak No. 5a, Soe 85511, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to describe numerical literacy in the Dawan language system, the dialect of the Amanuban tribe, South Central Timor Regency in terms of ethnomathematics perspective and its relation to mathematics learning. This research is qualitative research with an ethnographic research type. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and literature study. The results of this research indicate that the numerical literacy in the Dawan language system, the Amanuban dialect used by the community when using the number system is very unique. The uniqueness is that the community uses the base 10 number system with the unit base number 0 to 9 and the tens base number 10 which is used to calculate the next number using the concept of multiplication and addition. The mention of the name of the day in the Dawan language of the Amanuban dialect is also based on the unit base number system. This uniqueness can be used as a reference in learning mathematics with numbers, especially the concept of number sequences, the place value of a number, and addition and multiplication operations on integers for low-grade students who are fluent in Dawan. Keywords: Numerical Literacy- Dawan Languange- Amananuban Tribe Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Farida Daniel)

336	Mathematics Education	ABS-447
Analysis of Students Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Comparative Trigonometry Material in the Pandemic Era Legina A R S (1), Kusnandi (2) (1) Mathematics Education Study Program, Postgraduate School, Indonesian Education University, Jl. R. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia (2) Department of Mathematics Education, Postgraduate School, Indonesian Education University, Jl. R. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to analyze students^ mathematical problem-solving abilities in the Covid-19 pandemic era. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in analyzing the mathematical understanding ability of high school students were class X students. The study was conducted in the middle of the even semester of the 2020/2021 school year in Bandung. The test instrument in this study was a written test totaling 4 essay questions that were given online via google form because in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic where the teaching and learning process was carried out online (in a network). Each problem represents a step in solving a mathematical problem according to Polya, where the steps for solving the problem are: understanding the problem, developing a strategy or planning a solution, solving the problem according to the plan that has been made, and checking the answer again. All students of class X in a private high school in Bandung are the population in this study with a total sample of 32 students. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the level of students^ mathematical problem-solving ability for each step according to Polya could be achieved well, where: understanding the problem, developing strategies or planning solutions, solving problems according to the plan that had been made, and checking the answers to indicators defines the concept. with a percentage of 90,63 percent, indicators identify and make examples and not examples with a percentage of 78,13 percent, indicators use and utilize and choose certain procedures or operations with a percentage of 70,83 percent, and indicators apply concepts or algorithms to solutions to problems with a percentage of 65,63 percent. However, especially for indicators of applying concepts or algorithms to problem-solving, students have not been able to interpret the problem. Keywords: Mathematical Problem Solving, Comparative Trigonometry Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Legina Alma Rija Sidabutar)

337	Mathematics Education	ABS-194
Students^ Epistemological Obstacles on Analytic Trigonometry Gita Rahayu (a*), Rizky Rosjanuardi (b) a) Mathematics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Indonesia University of Education, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia. *gitarahayu25[at]student.upi.edu b) Department of Mathematics Education, Indonesia University of Education, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This study is aimed to identify epistemological obstacles in students^ understanding of the concept of analytic trigonometry. This research used Didactical Design Research (DDR) as the method that uses the interpretive paradigm. This study^s participants were 14 grade XI students from a Senior High School in Kuningan who had studied analytic trigonometry. Data was obtained by analyzing the respondent ability test and interviews to solve trigonometric analytic questions. The characteristics of identified epistemological obstacles that have been found are related to students^ knowledge in solving problems associated with analytic trigonometry. The results showed that students experienced several epistemological obstacles that impact some errors in solving the problem. Students^ limited knowledge of fundamental topics in solving analytic trigonometry problems is a factor that contributes to the emergence of common trigonometry errors. Keywords: Epistemological Obstacle- Analytic Trigonometry- Didactical Design Research Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (GITA RAHAYU)

338	Mathematics Education	ABS-451
Dyscalculia: Mathematical Difficulties in the Concept of Multiplication Using Word Problems Siska Firmasari (a*), Irmawati Liliana Kusuma Dewi(b) a,b) Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Jalan Perjuangan No.01, Cirebon 45132 siska.fs115[at]gmail.com Abstract This study aims to analyse the mathematical difficulties that occur in children with dyscalculia cases in the concept of multiplication which focused on the application of word problems. According to the research stages, qualitative method used with focuses on the case study research. The research subject was a fourth-grade student of elementary school who had dyscalculia case based on the results of doctor^s and special therapist^s analysis. The results of the study concluded that Subject has difficulty understanding the concept of multiplication, not just a routine procedure, but focus on representing multiplication functionally. In addition, there are other findings that there are difficulties in student recognizing number symbols and connecting numbers with real situations. Therefore, we need special therapy to minimize learning disorders that occur in this student Keywords: Dyscalculia, Learning Difficulties, Multiplication Concept Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siska Firmasari)

339	Mathematics Education	ABS-198
Students learning obstacles on the topic of Pythagorean theorem L Rahmi (1*), K Yulianti (1), and S Prabawanto (1) 1) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *lafitarahmi[at]upi.edu Abstract Pythagorean theorem is one of the most important theorem in geometry, but in fact some students faced obstacles in learning this topic. This study aims to obtain a description of students learning obstacles on the topic of Pythagorean theorem. This research was qualitative with a case study design. The research subject was given test dealing with Pythagorean theorem involved 25 students of grade 8th of a junior high school in Padang Pariaman, 4 of which also participated in the interview. The data were analyzed using the stages of data collecting, reducing, and analyzing to get conclusion. The results showed that there are students learning obstacles, which include ontogenic obstacle, didactical obstacle, and epistemological obstacle. The results of this study can be used to design an instructional material to anticipate the learning obstacles that will be faced by students. Keywords: Learning obstacles, Pythagorean theorem Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lafita Rahmi)

340	Mathematics Education	ABS-199
A LITERATURE STUDY: VISUALISATION POWER IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS OF DEAF AND HARD HEARING STUDENTS Della Yurmalia, Aan Hasanah Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract Deaf and hard hearing are a condition of someone who has a terrible hearing loss or less severe of hearing loss due to medical condition or sociological and cultural condition. Because of their condition, they get a lack of communication that it impacts to their performance in mathematics. Many researches found that deaf students are visualizer. The aim of this study is to analyze result study of visualisation power of deaf students at middle school in Indonesia. Referring to nine main literatures, It concludes that (1) in Indonesia, deaf middle school students prefer visualization to text in learning mathematics- (2) A specific lesson design is needed that is adjusted to characteristics of deaf and hard hearing students- (3) Deaf and hard hearing students are able to be developed both competencies and thinking process by using appropriate media and technology for learning mathematics. Keywords: literature study, visualisation, deaf students Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Della Yurmalia)

341	Mathematics Education	ABS-456
Elementary Students Efforts to Find Meaning from a Reading A S Maulida, D Juandi, R Miftah Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract This study aims to present learning about cultural preservation and honing communication skills through fairy tales. Educators feel a culture of reading is important, especially educators at the elementary level, because at this level children are in a period of rapid growth. Character building and good habits are very suitable to be instilled at this level. One of the efforts to maintain a culture of reading is by planting reading to children in this technological era. Fairy tales are usually stories that are quite popular with children and are often told from generation to generation. A little more fairy tales Enough messages, because in it there is always tucked the meaning of life. This research used retrospective research. This research design was implemented to 35 students in grade 5 SD. 35 students were divided into 7 groups and given stories and students to find aspects of the title, author, 5w + 1h, and lessons from the reading. The technique involves data in the form of documentation and in-depth interviews with teachers and students. The findings in this study indicate that in learning, meaning is not only obtained by children, but by teachers as well as everyone involved in it. Keywords: Meaning, Students effort, Problem, Problem Solving Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aya Shofia Maulida)

342	Mathematics Education	ABS-459
Third grade elementary school students^ conception of number line Syafdi Maizora (a*), Dadang Juandi (a) a) Mathematics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Setiabudhi No 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia * syafdiichiemaizora[at]upi.edu Abstract This article describes the conception of integers on a number line that a grade 3 elementary school student in Bengkulu City had. Although this student had not received a formal learning, he already had a conception of a number line. It was suspected that he learned informally from digital media and his surroundings. This was qualitative research study with a case study approach. The subject of this research study was a student, who was detected, having an ability to draw a number line on his notebook. The student was given conceptual questions about integers on a number line. The questions were about 1) the representation of a number line, 2) the existence of integers on a number line, 3) the meaning of a number line for the student. The results obtained were as follows: 1) the student was able to draw correctly a number line for integers, 2) the students knew that the infinity of many integers on a number line was describe by using words ^many^ and ^uncountable^, 3) the student knew that the distance between numbers on a number line was the same, 4) the student was able to use a number line to compare two numbers by stating that the number to the right was a number that was more than the number to the left, 5) the student was able to represent lines on the floor as a number line. Keywords: Integer- Mathematical conception- Number line- Third-grade elementary school Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syafdi Maizora)

343	Mathematics Education	ABS-460
The urgency of the role of 21st century technology during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mathematics learning: A result of a study based literature N Wulandari *, Darhim. Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this study is to know the urgency of the role of technology in the pandemic and the 21st century era in improving the quality of mathematical learning. This research is a literature study with a type of descriptive qualitative research with library research that seeks to describe the role of technology in 21st century education during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this literature study, the author used various written sources such as articles, journals and documents relevant to the study in this study. The criteria of the articles and news selected are discussions about the impact of Covid-19, online learning, the role of technology, the revolution of the 21st century and tetrahendron in elementary schools. This study focuses on the urgency of technology to be one of the media solutions in the implementation of distance learning education during the covid-19 pandemic as a form of demand for needs andp adatation development of the educational revolution in the 21st century era or known era 4.0 Keywords: Impact of Covid-19, distance learning, online learning, technology, 21st century, tetrahendron, mathematics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Novela Wulandari)

344	Mathematics Education	ABS-205
Application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on Mathematical Digital Literacy Analysis of Prospective Teachers in Utilizing Mathematics Software Ricki Yuliardi (a*), Dadang Juandi (b), Muhammad Ghiyats Ristiyana (c), Ipan Ripai a) Doctoral Programme, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Education, UPI Bandung, Indonesia *rickisyahidan27[at]upi.edu b) Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences Education, UPI Bandung, Indonesia c) Mathematics Education, STKIP Siliwangi, Bandung, Indonesia d) Technology and Information Education, STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to model the relationship between information literacy, digital literacy, perceptions of ICT-assisted mathematics learning on the mathematical digital literacy skills of prospective mathematics teachers in utilizing mathematics software as a medium of learning. The method used is the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The population in this study were undergraduate mathematics teacher candidates. The sample was obtained as many as 173 respondents using purposive sampling from public and private universities in the provinces of Riau, West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Yogyakarta and East Java. The instrument used is a Likert scale which consists of 14 indicators representing 4 variables. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded: 1) Based on the results of the basic assumption test, the data is normally distributed and there are no outliers 2) Based on the instrument quality test with a significant CFA at the 5% level, it means that the variables A1-D4 can explain the existence of the variable construct and the indicators have good internal consistency and reliable. 3) Based on the results of the Goodness of Fit Overall test, it shows that the model meets 7 (seven) criteria, therefore, the SEM model in this study is suitable and feasible to use. 4) based on the relationship test between variables, information literacy (A) and digital literacy (B) have no significant effect on mathematical digital literacy (D) in terms of estimates and P value > 0.05. However, the perception of ICT-based Mathematics Learning has a significant positive effect on digital mathematical literacy (D) seen from the estimates value of 0.604 and P value <0.05. Conclusions and suggestions from the results of the research above: the increasing need for the implementation of learning technology, especially in learning mathematics so that it is necessary to increase competence by teachers and students in integrating technology Keywords: Mathematical Digital Literacy- Mathematics Software- Prospective Teacher Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ricki Yuliardi)

345	Mathematics Education	ABS-464
The Effectiveness of Web-based Inductive Learning Assisted by Geogebra Effie Efrida Muchlis (a*), Nanang Priatna (a), Jarnawi Afgani Dahlan (a) a) Mathematics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Setiabudhi No 229 Bandung 40154, Indonesia * effie_efrida[at]upi.edu Abstract This research used web-based inductive learning that facilitating geometric field learning, where the learning was carried out online. It was hypothesized that students could learn the concept of geometric field better when students were involved in the induction process with the help of geogebra software, did exploration with geogebra software to form several examples of concept, testing the patterns that existed in the examples, and generalized the findings into new knowledge. With the help of the web and geogebra software, students could carried out their own learning and made their own discoveries. To test the effectiveness of web-based inductive learning, two classes were involved in the research, that were students of the Mathematics education study program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Bengkulu who took geometric field class in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year as many as 75 students. This research was quasi-experimental research with a Posttest only control group design. The instrument of measurement used was description test. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the learning outcomes using web-based inductive learning assisted by geogebra were better than those using the expository method. Keywords: geogebra- Student worksheet, Web-based Inductive Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Effie Efrida Muchlis)

346	Mathematics Education	ABS-209
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING : Developing Students Mathematics Achievements Syaifullah*, Tatang Herman, Dadang Juandi Departemen Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setia Budi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *syaifullah[at]upi.edu Abstract The purpose of this research is to review the literature on the methods of collaborative learning and to examine the effective and efficient use of collaborative learning in developing students mathematics learning achievements. The use of collaborative learning method is most often implemented by the teachers in Indonesia and is one of the various methods of learning that is suggested in the curriculum but optimal implementation creates an in-effectiveness in building students mathematical achievements. The collection of data is done by collecting the literature relevant to the study of the study in the form of books and journals which are then read and examined. The data analysis technique is done qualitatively with the appropriate opinion quoting. Collaborative learning is superior to conventional learning in developing students mathematical achievements with the implementation of a coherent learning method that complies with good and appropriate collaboration rules. Keywords: Mathematics education- Collaborative learning- Mathematics achievements Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syaifullah Syaifullah)

347	Mathematics Education	ABS-466
ETHNOMATHEMATICS IN BOROBUDUR TEMPLE BASED ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA PERSPECTIVE Sulistiawati (a*), Turmudi (b), Samsul Arifin(c), Indra Bayu Muktyas(d) a) b) Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jalan Dr Setiabudhi No 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia c) BINUS University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia d) STKIP Surya, Tangerang, 15115, Indonesia Abstract This research is based on the traditional architecture phenomena that are closely related to ideas in the field of mathematics. One of them is the historical building in Central Java - Indonesia, Borobudur Temple. The objective of this research is to investigate how a mathematical model based on cellular automata is in Borobudur Temple. The research method is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, in which data is obtained from observation, documentation, and interview. In addition, it also uses reference studies to support these three techniques. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis from the results of observation, documentation, and interview and then triangulates the techniques. The result of this research is the discovery of cellular automata parameters that can construct the structure of the Borobudur temple building. Keywords: Ethnomathematics- Borobudur temple- Cellular automata Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (SULISTIAWATI -)

348	Mathematics Education	ABS-211
Learning Obstacles Analysis of Indonesian High School Students on Geometric Sequence and Its Alternative Solution Vera Anzani (a*), Dadan Dasari (a), Chelsi Ariati (a) Departement of Mathematics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *vera26[at]upi.edu Abstract Abstract. This study aims to analyze the learning obstacles and mistakes of Indonesia high school on the problem of the geometric sequence. The research used descriptive qualitative. Data of the research was obtained from the results of tests and interviews were given to fifty students from one of the senior high schools in West Java. The test is given consists of four questions related to the problem of the geometric sequence. The answer to the questions was confirmed again by a clinical interview. These data are analyzed based on the framework of learning obstacles to the students answer. The results showed that there are still many students who experience learning obstacles in geometric sequences. Learning obstacles that occur include ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles, and didactical obstacles. Based on the obstacles learning that found in the geometric sequence, the authors present several alternatives which are thought to minimize students learning obstacles. Keywords: Learning Obstacles- Geometric Sequence- and Mistake in Mathematical Answer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vera Anzani)

349	Mathematics Education	ABS-467
Students^ Representation of Addition and Subtraction Dini Asri Kusnia Dewi, Didi Suryadi, Endang Mulyana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract Addition and subtraction are two arithmetic operations that are interpreted as simple and easy operations. But in fact, we often make mistakes in adding or subtracting something. So far, the discussion on addition and subtraction in textbooks that are widely used in schools, most of them do not have illustrations of the counting process that can help children understand more deeply. Previous research also revealed some of the problems experienced by students in this regard. That is, the achievement that a student has does not necessarily represent his understanding where according to previous research that a person^s understanding depends on the modeling mechanism he has. Hence, this research aims to identify the meaning possessed by children of these two arithmetic operations. This study uses a qualitative research design in which students will be given a test as a facility to express their ideas. The research result states that when the grade level shows a similar tendency and there is also a different tendency for certain problems. Keywords: addition, subtraction, representation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dini Asri Kusnia Dewi)

350	Mathematics Education	ABS-468
Video Learning Media In Offline Learning During The Pandemic Covid 19 Juliana Margareta Sumilat*, Hetty J Tumurang, Verent L S Pulisir Universitas Negeri Manado Jl Kampus Unima Tomohon Sulut Abstract Learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is quite a challenge for teachers because students learn offline and learn in a small group, so the teacher have to repeatedly explain material to different groups. The research aimed to determining the effect of video learning media on the learning outcomes of class IV elementary education. This study uses an experimental research method. The experimental group used video media and the control group used student book learning media. The sample was 16 students grade IV elemenatry education Catholic St. Andreas Tandurusa Bitung which was divided into 4 groups. The learning outcome data were collected through a written test that had been tested for validity and reliability, and the learning process data used an observation sheet. Data analysis used two-way ANOVA and descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the use of both media, namely video learning media and student book learning media, has a positive impact on student learning outcomes, but the use of video learning media has a greater impact than the use of student book learning media. The learning media for student books will have a big impact if the teacher provides intensive research. Meanwhile, the use of video media gave almost the same impact for the group that received intensive assistance with the group that received less intensive assistance. Concluded, the use of video learning media has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students in offline learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Video Learning Media, Offline Learning, Pandemic Covid-19 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Juliana Margareta Sumilat)

351	Mathematics Education	ABS-475
Analysis of Student Errors in Solving Mathematical Induction Problems in Online Learning in the Era of COVID 19 Eliva Sukma Cipta1,2*, Rippi Maya3, Didi Suryadi1 and Sufyani Prabawanto1 1Departement of Mathematics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia 2Departement of Islamic Elementary Education, Universitas Islam Nusantara, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 503 Bandung 40286, Indonesia 31Departement of Mathematics Education, Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Siliwangi, Jl. Terusan Jend. Sudirman, Baros, Cimahi Bandung 40521, Indonesia Abstract The research aims to analyze student errors in solving math induction proof problems during online learning in the Covid 19 era. The research was a qualitative research with case study approach. This research was conducted at the Mathematics Education Study Program of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung in the academic year 2020/2021 with the subject of this study were students of semester V Class 2018. The instrument in this study was a test. The data analysis used was qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the types of errors experienced by students in working on mathematical induction problems are conceptual errors and procedural errors. Keywords: analyze, student errors, mathematical induction, online learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eliva Sukma Cipta)

352	Mathematics Education	ABS-220
Meta-analysis: blended learning as a solution in learning mathematics during the COVID-19 pandemic Fitriani (1,2*), T Herman (1*), and S Fatimah (1) 1)Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia fitrianiummialif[at]upi.edu- tatangherman[at]upi.edu 2)Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa, Jl. Meurandeh, Kota Langsa, Aceh, 24411, Indonesia Abstract Blended learning is learning that is done face-to-face and online. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various forms of online learning were carried out, but full online learning made students ineffective in learning. This study aims to analyze the blended learning that was applied during the pandemic as a solution in learning mathematics. This study uses a meta-analysis, namely by reviewing the journals that are in accordance with the research theme as many as 8 journals obtained from Google Scholar. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results show that blended learning is the right choice and solution in learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of blended learning in mathematics learning during the pandemic has greatly helped teachers in delivering material to students and increasing student independence in learning, the use of blended learning during the pandemic is effective and can used as a virtual learning solution. Keywords: blended learning, learning mathematics, COVID-19 pandemic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitriani Fitriani)

353	Mathematics Education	ABS-476
Cognitive and Metacognitive Instruction in the Process of Solving Mathematics Word Problem: A Literature Study Nilam Manik Malela (a*), Kusnandi (b), Imam Nugraha Albania (b) a) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *nilamm.malela[at]upi.edu b) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Mathematics word problems are considered a complex problem because they involve many different aspects of competence that must be mastered to solve it. Word problem solving needs the role of cognition and metacognition of students to achieve a solution. This literature study described the role of the cognitive & metacognitive approach in terms of students^ ability to solve mathematics word problems appropriately. In addition, metacognition itself has an impact on improving the capacity of students to learn independently and sustainably. Independent learning is in accordance with current learning needs which limit face-to-face classes, so that the capacity of students to regulate themselves in learning is very necessary. Thus, cognitive and metacognitive instruction triggered the students^ independence in finishing the problem, especially mathematics word problems Keywords: cognitive instruction- metacognitive instruction- word problem Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nilam Manik Malela)

354	Mathematics Education	ABS-225
Numeracy Literacy Ability viewed by Characteristics of Students Way of Thinking Rizqi Dwi Maharani (a*), Dadan Dasari (a) a) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *rizqidwim[at]upi.edu Abstract Thinking is the cognitive activities that is used to process informations, solve problems, make decisions, and create new ideas. The different ways of thinking produce different ways of solving problem, that effect on numeracy literacy ability. The numeracy literacy is part of mathematical literacy that consisted of two domains, namely change and relationship, and quantity. This study aimed to describe students numeracy literacy ability viewed by characteristics of students way of thinking. This study was qualitative with a phenomenological design. The subjects were eight students of 9th grade of a junior high school in Central Java, Indonesia, who had different characteristics, that are Concrete Sequential (CS), Concrete Random (CR), Abstract Sequential (AS), and Abstract Random (AR). The data were collected by using written test, questionnaire adapted from John Park Le Tellier in DePotter & Hernacki, and interview. The results of this study show that four characteristics of students way of thinking have similar numeracy literacy ability. Each characteristic has its own way to formulate, employ, and interpret the numeracy literacy problems in both domains, however Abstract Sequential (AS) students have more capable to solve the problems than the other three characteristics. Keywords: Numeracy literacy- Ways of thinking Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizqi Dwi Maharani)

355	Mathematics Education	ABS-230
Metacognitive Blindness in Mathematics Online Learning Surya Sari Faradiba (a*), Alifiani (a), Siti Nurul Hasana (a) a) Department of mathematics education, Universitas Islam Malang, Mayjen Haryono 193, Malang 65144, Indonesia *suryasarifaradiba[at]unisma.ac.id Abstract When a pandemic occurs, online learning must be implemented in all academic units including universities. In fact, there are many problems experienced by students in the online learning unless they have good metacognitive skills to obtain better performance. This study explores metacognitive blindness that occurs in online learning on the fundamental theorem of calculus (FTC). The urgency of this study is to complement the metacognitive blindness theory, which is limited to expressing obstacles in face-to-face mathematics learning. The research found that the role of the orientation stage cannot be replaced in online learning. Metacognitive blindness that occurs at the orientation stage will be persistent and lead to metacognitive blindness in later stages. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the findings in this study apply to a wider range of subjects and other mathematical materials, apart from the FTC Keywords: Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC), Online Learning, Metacognitive Blindness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Surya Sari Faradiba)

356	Mathematics Education	ABS-487
Students errors in constructing mathematical proofs by direct method Herizal Herizal (a*), Marhami Marhami (a), Nurul Akmal (b) a) Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jl. Cot Teungku Nie, Reuleut, Aceh Utara 24355, Indonesia *herizal_mathedu[at]unimal.ac.id b) Program Studi Tadris Matematika, IAIN Lhokseumawe, Jl. Medan-Banda Aceh, Alue Awe-Muara Dua, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia Abstract In mathematics, there are two methods for proving mathematical statements which are direct method and indirect method. Both of the methods were included in mathematics curriculum in senior high school level as a learning topic. It implied that the teachers or preservice teachers must master in the methods. In addition to, learning advanced mathematics course also needed the ability of mathematical proving. Direct method was a method often used in proving mathematical statements. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted to examine what the errors were written by the students in constructing mathematical proofs by direct method. Two basic problems (mathematical statements) were administered to thirteen college students. They were preservice mathematics teachers in one of public universities in Aceh, Indonesia and asked to prove the statements by direct method. The data were analysed by using Miles and Huberman step. The results showed that there were three main errors, they were (1) proving by example, (2) errors in algebraic manipulation, and (3) wrong in identifying the hypothesis or assumption and conclusion of a mathematical statements. It concluded that the students must be accustomed to mathematical proving activities to avoid errors in constructing mathematical proofs. Keywords: direct method- mathematical proof- mathematical proving Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Herizal Herizal)

357	Mathematics Education	ABS-489
Developing Statistical Thinking Abilities Through Inductive and Deductive Approaches in Mathematical Statistics Learning Laila Hayati, Hapipi, Nani Kurniati, Tabita Wahyu Triutami, Wahidaturrahmi Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP, Universitas Mataram Abstract Statistics is known to emphasize the inductive approach which begins by presenting a number of special circumstances and then concludes it into a fact, principle, or rule. But on the other hand, mathematical statistics as an advanced abstract subject requires a lot of deductive approaches in learning. Thus, this study examines two different approaches to learning mathematics statistics with the concept of variable random and their distribution to develop statistical thinking abilities in Mathematics Education students. Keywords: Inductive approach, deductive approach, statistical thinking abilities, variable random Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Laila Hayati)

358	Mathematics Education	ABS-234
Validity analysis of realistic learning design based on didactical tetrahedron model Mimi Nur Hajizah, Darhim, Dadang Juandi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract This report is a part of design research study conducted using Plomp^s model that consists of three phases: 1) preliminary research, 2) development or prototyping phase, and 3) assessment phase. Based on the results of preliminary research, it was found that students had difficulties in solving problems about functions. The difficulties need to be overcome by the efforts of the teacher in planning, implementing, and evaluating the learning process. The success of learning is closely related to the design of the learning materials being developed. The study aims to determine the validity aspects of developed learning materials of function based on realistic mathematics education theory and didactical tetrahedron model. The validity assessment of learning materials is carried out by expert reviews. The instrument used was a validity questionnaire filled out by experts, then analyzed using Q-Cochran formula. The result of the validation showed that the developed learning materials were in valid criterion. It means that the learning materials is suitable for use in limited scope of mathematics learning. Keywords: Validity analysis- realistic mathematics education- didactical tetrahedron- design research Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mimi Nur Hajizah)

359	Mathematics Education	ABS-491
Enhancing Students^ Analogical Reasoning abilities with GeoGebra Dynamic Worksheets Sendi Ramdhani Universitas Suryakancana Abstract Analogical reasoning is very important for students because it is a major process in scientific discovery and problem solving, as well as in category making and decision making. Therefore, This study aims to develop a GeoGebra dynamic worksheets to enhance students^ analogical reasoning abilities. Using of Dynamic GeoGebra Worksheets or Dynamic Activities because students can interact with the worksheets. Students are expected to carry out the analogical reasoning process through the developed worksheets. This study used Design Didactical Research (DDR). The development of the worksheets is based on the learning obstacles faced by students when carrying out the analogical reasoning process. Keywords: Design Didactical Research, Dynamic Activities, Learning Obstacles Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sendi Ramdhani)

360	Mathematics Education	ABS-236
Students Difficulties in Solving Mathematical Problem Viewed by Adversity Quotient Amirullah, Sufyani Prabawanto, Tatang Herman Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to determine the difficulties of climbers, campers, and quitters students in solving mathematical problem. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological design. The subjects in this study were students of grade VII, a junior high school in Wajo, South Sulawesi. Data collection techniques used were a questionnaire, test, and interview. The results show that the climbers subject face one difficulty in solving a mathematical problem that is difficulty in understanding the problem. The campers subject face three difficulties in solving a mathematical problem that is difficulty in understanding the problem, difficulty in carrying out the plan, and difficulty in looking back. The quitters subject face four difficulties in solving a mathematical problem that is difficulty in understanding the problem, difficulty in devising a plan, difficulty in carrying out the plan, and difficulty in looking back. Keywords: Difficulties, Solving Mathematical Problem, Adversity Quotient, Algebraic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amirullah A.)

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