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61	Societal outcomes through sports	ABS-179
A Case Review of Risk Factors for Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) in High-Altitude Hiking and Mountaineering Xudong YANG, Jin Hyunju* Zhejiang Normal University Abstract Objective: Through a systematic review, this paper summarizes the incidence of AMS, as well as possible risk factors and protective factors, in the process of high-altitude hiking and mountaineering, and provides a reference for high-altitude hiking and mountaineering enthusiasts in China who want to reduce accident rate involving high-altitude hiking and mountaineering. Methods: There were 2,894 papers on the subject of ^acute mountain sickness^, ^altitude sickness^, ^altitude sickness^ and ^mountain^ published from 2000 to 2021 in web of Science and PubMed. Unrelated studies were removed based on the following criteria: non-field (laboratory simulation) research- no use of Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness Score diagnosis- general population among non-hikers or climbers (children, animals, etc)- failure to specify any risk factors. Based on the aforementioned criteria, a total 17 lists obtained as case study data for this paper. Results:AMS research has been conducted in famous mountains such as the Himalayas, Mount Fuji, and the Alps in Nepal. According to the literature, the incidence of AMS in high-altitude hiking and mountaineering is between 20% and 35%, with a small overall difference and an overall downward trend in the incidence of AMS. History of AMS, high altitude, rapid ascent, lack of acclimatization time, and other risk factors have been described in the literature. Slow ascent, extensive mountaineering experience, adequate acclimatization time, and other characteristics are all noted in the literature as being protective. Conclusion: It has been discovered from a review of international studies on AMS that the risk factors for AMS are diverse. In addition to the primary risk factors, such as disease history and excessive altitude rise speed, there are other unique risk factors, such as smoking, drinking water, obesity, and so on, that need to be proven by more research. Keywords: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude hiking, protective factors, risk factors. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Xudong Yang)

62	Societal outcomes through sports	ABS-254
Physical Fitness and Psychological Wellness During the Covid-19 Pandemic Rofiqah, Sakban Rosidi, Agung Yudha Aswara Faculty of Psychology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Graduate School of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Graduate School of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Abstract In the last two years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical culture -- that is, cultural practices within which the moving physical body is central, faced its own challenges. At the same time, anxiety and even fear, spread so quickly among the people. Physical restriction policies are implemented in almost all regions and countries. Whether voluntarily or involuntarily, many people are sedentary or physically inactive. How is the physical activity of the sports community during the COVID-19 pandemic? How is their physical fitness? What about their psychological well-being? Is there a relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and psychological well-being? The survey using the snow-ball sampling technique reached 276 people in the sports community -- athletes, coaches, students, teachers and sports lecturers. A set of online questionnaires was shared to collect data on three variables, namely: physical activity, perceived physical fitness, and subjective psychological well-being. The logic of discrepancy evaluation model is applied with a t-test for single means. The relationship between variables was analyzed by applying path analysis techniques. This study concludes that both physical activity, physical fitness and the psychological well-being of the sports community during the COVID-19 pandemic tend to be low. Physical activity contributes significantly to psychological well-being, both directly and indirectly through physical fitness. Keywords: Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Psychological Well Being Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sakban Rosidi)

63	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-9
A fish in or out of water: understanding the identity construction and campus life experiences of Chinese student athletes Xiangyu Chen (a, b), Xiaoqian Richard Hu (a) a) The Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China b) The School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Abstract This study aims to investigate the identity construction of Chinese student athletes of Tsinghua University, in which Olympic gold medallists were developed in a way that is unorthodox in the government-run Chinese elite sport system, with a focus on the relationship among the context, identity, and life experiences of Tsinghua student athletes. Drawing on the Constructivist Grounded Theory, qualitative data, collected through 20 semi-structured interviews with student athletes and administrators of the Tsinghua varsity team, is analysed via a two-phrase process, embracing initial coding and focused coding. As the result of data analysis, there emerges a substantive theory consisting of two paths that elaborate the relationship among three core categories, namely Tsinghua context, the self-construction of student-athletes^ identities and the campus life experiences. More specifically, the first path elucidates the way in which student athletes perceive campus life experiences based on their understanding of Tsinghua and the constructed identity as student athletes, and the second clarifies how student athletes construe, maintain, and enhance their own identity through interpreting their campus life experiences in Tsinghua. Enlightened by a Bourdieusian theory, our discussion provides a deliberation of the two-fold role of the Tsinghua context, which both constrains and facilitates the interplay between the self-construction of student-athletes^ identity and their perception of campus life in emotional and behavioural dimensions. This study is concluded with a brief reflection of the position Chinese student athletes in the powerful relationship of the Chinese elite sport and education system. Keywords: student athletes- identity- self construction- life experiences- Bourdieu Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Xiangyu Chen)

64	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-13
Age fraud in sport: An invisible topic in international sport sociology tailor-made for Asian social scientist Aurelien Boucher The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Abstract In recent years, the most cited international journal in the field of sports sociology and history (namely the International Review for the Sociology of Sport, The Journal of sport and social Issue, The Sociology of Sport Journal, the Journal of Sport History, and the International Journal for the History of Sport) have published a growing amount of articles dedicated to Sport in Asian societies and non-western world. As far as Asia is concerned, more than 100 articles containing the terms ^China^ or ^Chinese^ were published in the International Journal for the History of Sport between 2010 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2022, the International Review for the Sociology of Sport published 15 articles relating to sports in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. This silent transformation of the literature landscape suggests at the first glance that the subaltern critic together with globalization and the circulation of knowledge have progressively influenced the topic of interest of sports social scientists and publications in the top international journals. Nonetheless, this paper will show that some social phenomena such as age fraud, which are apparently endemic in African and Asian countries remain almost undocumented. To be more specific, none of the journals mentioned above has ever published an article on this topic, while only two papers in English can be found in the academic literature. Three reasons can explain such a phenomenon. First, the distinction usually made by sports social scientists between mass and elite sports and the focus on the most mediatized competitions may prevent them to investigate the youth elite competitions where age fraud can offer a great competitive advantage. Second, the specialists of deviance in sports are more likely to focus on match-fixing and doping practices because a large offer of subsidized research and publication opportunities exist for such topics. Third, it seems that sports institutions in countries like China or India are more likely to rely on technical solutions to try to tackle age fraud than to require the assistance of social scientists who can possibly shed light on the role of corrupted civil servants. Keywords: Age fraud, Asian sport, deviance, invisibility Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aurelien BOUCHER)

65	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-14
Sports Anthropology Observation on the Hokkaido International ^Yukigassen^ Abstract Sport event^Yukigassen^ was born in Sobetsu Hokkaido, Japan in 1989 and spread to China in 2016. It has become an of emerging winter sports in China, which was spread rapidly especially in North China and Northeast China. The form of ^Yukigassen^ is similar to the ^snowball^ game over the world winter folk tradition. Through the field investigation, it was found that the original ^Yukigassen^ was similar as the children^s ^snowballing^ game activity in Japan and other countries in winter. Yukigassen gradually formed sports events in the 1980s. It has been 30 years since its development, and it has become an international winter sports organization with participation of 10 countries. So far, in the Hokkaido region of Japan, in addition to skiing in winter, the ^Yukigassen^ has become another winter sports project favored by tourists at home and abroad. Currently, the Yukigassen event has formed two international organizations, which is International Alliance of sports Yukigassen (IAY). Since 2018, the international Yukigassen event has targeted its development goal towards competition event of Winter Olympics Games. Observations through the lens of sports anthropology. This thesis applies the fieldwork as the main method, and conducts several practical investigations in Hokkaido, Japan. The study analyzed the process of the emergence, development and dissemination of the game ^Snowball Fight^ from the perspectives of body culture, cultural identity, cultural communication, etc. The study further analyzes the significance of the development and popularization of winter sports activities through the international development of Yukigassen. Keywords: Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Changming Yang)

66	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-33
Sports Imagery Ability and Performance of Volleyball Athletes in Monkayo District Raisalam D. Angoy Graduate Studies, Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City, 8600, Philippines Abstract Sports imagery is one of the identified techniques in applied psychology which is believed to be effective towards improving the sporting performance. In todays high competition in sporting world, athletes who used another technique to enhance the performance are superior to those who rely only in physical training. Mental practice improves performance significantly more than no practice at all (Taylor, 2018). The study determined the significant relationship of sports imagery to performance. It involved fifty six (56) athletes particularly volleyball players in Monkayo District using a descriptive-correlation research design. Data revealed that the number of years playing and level of competition played had significant difference to sports imagery and performance but not with sex. It was also found out that sports imagery is correlated with performance. It means that the performance of the athletes is dependent to their sports imagery ability. Thus, the more one can imagine strategizing the game, practice the skill in mind, specific goal-oriented and motivated when playing, the better is the performance. Mental training program should be given emphasis to improve performance of the athletes. Hence, a proposed design on sports training was made to improve the performance among athletes in sports like volleyball. Keywords: Sports Imagery- Performance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raisalam D. Angoy)

67	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-63
The creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional sports culture Yaling Xiong Henan Normal University Abstract Nowadays, the cultures of various countries in the world blend and exchange, cultural conflicts and collisions occur frequently. For the traditional sports culture of the Chinese nation, it is also an opportunity and a challenge, conflict and dialogue. The creative transformation and innovative development of the traditional sports culture of the Chinese nation have great value implication: (1) the necessity of promoting its own development. (2) to cope with foreign cultural shock and adapt to the needs of social change. (3) the need to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build a strong sports country. The practical ways to explore mainly include :(1) Accord with the culture of Marxism and socialist core values, and endow Chinese traditional sports culture with the connotation of a new era. (2) Strengthen education and cultivate talents. (3) Strengthen national top-level design and explore local culture. (4) To serve the past for the present, to learn from the past and learn from the present, to integrate all aspects, to carry out ^comprehensive cultural innovation^, to keep pace with The Times and promote sustainable development. (5) Build ecological sports culture and build a community with a shared future for mankind. (6) Build cultural communication platforms, innovate cultural expression forms, and expand opening and communication to the outside world. Keywords: Chinese traditional sports culture- Sports culture- Creative transformation- Innovative development Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yaling Xiong)

68	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-71
DIMENSIONS OF INDONESIA MARTIAL ARTS COACHING IN SURABAYA Purbodjati, Toho Cholik Mutohir, Suroto, Awang Firmansyah. Universitas Negeri Surabaya Abstract This dimension of coaching martial arts research purposes to identify: 1.what kind of dimensions applied by coach, 2. The most dominant dimension applied, and 3. Dimension model needed by coach and athlete. Researcher operated survey phase, including: 1. literature review (documentation)- 2. Preliminary study of 10 coaches and 15 athletes (group nominal technique) continued Q-Sort Technique with 3 experts and 10 swordmanships- and 3. Field studies towards 125 coaches and 125 athletes (quesionaire to be factor analized loading 0,30). The problem focused on concept and characteristic competence in dimension of martial arts coaching in IPSI Surabaya. The results of this study showed: 1. Conceptually it is needed 85 competences in 6 dimension, there are: 1). coach managerial dimension (51), 2) coach experiences dimension (10), 3). Coach achievements dimension (7), 4). Coach spiritual dimension (6), 5). Coach personality dimension (7) and 6). Skill technique dimension (4)- 2. The most dominant dimension is coach managerial dimension (48-51)competence- and 3. Dimension model of martial arts needed is ^Jurus Suroboyo Maju Simppatik Siap Grak Model^, based on 76 competences, there are: 1). Coach managerial dimension (48), 2) coach experiences dimension (10), 3). Coach achievements dimension (5), 4). Coach spiritual dimension (5), 5). Coach personality dimension (4) and 6). Skill technique dimension (4) competences. Keywords: Dimension of Martial arts coaching, Dimensional model of coaching. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Awang Firmansyah)

69	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-77
Research on the Scene Construction of Urban Public Sports Service under the Important Concept of People^s City Guofang Shen,Deping Hu Shanghai University of Sports Abstract In November 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping of the People^s Republic of China proposed ^people^s cities built by the people, people^s cities for the people^ during his inspection in Shanghai. The important concept of ^people^s city^ was put forward in the background of the continuous development of cities and the increasing demands of the people for a better life. Sports demand, as an important part of the demand for a better life, plays an important role in people^s pursuit of a better life. Therefore, the optimization of the supply of public sports services has become an important way to implement the concept of ^people^s city^, to push ahead the strategy of China^s ^national fitness^ and to strategically promote the construction of a strong power as well. By applying scene theory and research methods, including literature review, case study,field investigation and mathematical statistics, this paper constructs an analysis framework with Chinese characteristics under the framework of the cultural dimension of the scene theory. It is believed that the analysis framework of public sports service scenarios consists of 3 main dimensions of ^affinity to people^, ^publicity^ and ^characteristics^, which enlightens us that the scene construction of urban public sports services must adhere to the leadership of party building, people-centered conception, Chinese culture, reuse of space and people^s emotion as well. Keywords: the Important Conception of People^s City, Public Sports Service, Scene, Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Guofang Shen)

70	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-84
Modern significance of the connotation of Asian traditional sports culture 高贝贝 Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Physical Education Abstract Asia, the largest continent with a large population in the world, has a long history and splendid culture. Asian traditional sports culture is a vital part of Asian culture. Under the impact of western sports thoughts, the traditional Asian sports culture gradually faded out of people^s sight, and the living space became narrow. Based on the traditional sports culture, which is consistent with the three civilizations of the two rivers civilization in West Asia, the Chinese civilization in East Asia and the Indian civilization in South Asia. This paper studied the modern significance of the connotation of Asian traditional sports culture. The analysis was made with the methods of literature review, historical research and logical analysis. The main purpose of this study was to contribute to the promotion of Asian traditional sports culture to the world. It is considered that the modern significance of studying the connotation of Asian traditional sports culture has the following points. First,Construct the pattern of multi-sports culture in the world. Second,Enrich the theoretical thought of world sports science. Third, Spread the values of peace, friendship and no struggle. Fourth,Promote the development of health undertakings in the aging age. Keywords: traditional Asian sports culture- modern significance- connotation- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (贝贝 高)

71	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-89
Discussion on the Dissemination of sports Intangible cultural heritage in China KeXin Chen, XinJiang Normal University Abstract Focusing on the communication of sports intangible cultural heritage is a strategic topic of practical significance. The research is anchored on the communication of sports intangible cultural heritage, focusing on the construction of national identity and international cultural discourse power, and aiming at promoting the community of shared future for mankind. To explore the balance and internal tension between globalization and sanitization, modernization and tradition of the dissemination of China sports intangible cultural heritage in international cultural heritage management, so as to form a long-term and effective working mechanism of international cultural heritage management, and provide constructive suggestions for promoting the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage in the international community. This study emphasizes the integrity sports non-material cultural heritage of the ecological space and physical space of the original reality, rationalization of authorized Chinese sports non-material cultural heritage as a cultural heritage at the international space of the value of production, so as to realize the original true intangible cultural preservation and replicate sexually transmitted, the Chinese sports non-material cultural heritage projects to the human the height of the Shared public cultural heritage, In the world of dynamic penetration in continuous integration and development. Keywords: sports- intangible cultural heritage- cultural communication Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (可欣 陈)

72	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-95
The theoretical logic, historical logic and practical practice of Sports Promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation Gong Zhen-yu,Li Cheng-liang,Zhu Ruo-nan Shenyang Institute of Physical Education, China Abstract Using the research methods of literature, historical analysis and logical analysis, this paper interprets how sports promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation from three aspects: theoretical logic, historical logic and practical practice, and deeply interprets the role of sports in realizing the ^Chinese dream^. Based on the political, economic, cultural and educational functions of sports, this paper discusses the theoretical logic of Sports Promoting the stability and unity of the Chinese nation, rich life, spiritual development and talent cultivation- From the perspective of historical development, sort out the process context of Sports Promoting the Chinese nation from ^standing up^ to ^becoming rich^ to ^becoming strong^- Under the guidance of the new era and new ideas, higher requirements are put forward for sports in the practical practice of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation: develop better competitive sports and sports industry, promote the construction of a powerful sports country, widely carry out national fitness activities, promote the construction of a healthy China, vigorously carry forward the Chinese sports spirit, promote the prosperity of sports culture, deeply implement the long-term mechanism of sports and education integration, and promote the construction of a powerful country with education and talents, Build a sports cooperation community and promote sports diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Keywords: Sports function- Healthy China- The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation- Sports power Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gong Zhenyu Gong)

73	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-98
Chinese football fandom: growing with the changing Chinese society Kaixiao Jiang Liverpool Hope University School of Health and Sport Sciences Abstract This article explores that the development of football fandom for the Chinese national team and local football clubs is strongly associated with social changes, especially those caused by the political environments. Although the performances of Chinese football teams, especially the national team, have failed to impress the world, football remains the most popular one because of millions of supporters with loyalty and passion. Most studies related to fans mainly focus on the economic and political implications of spectatorship along with the rise of China. Yet, few articles are available to answer the fundamental questions, such as ^when did these supporters come out?^ and ^what were the factors of the development of fandom?^. By going through archival records and published documents over the last decades, this article offers a comprehensive and historical analysis of the development of football fandom in the People^s Republic of China and deals with these unanswered questions. As such, this article does not intend to be the most authoritative one but is one of the rare sources to lay down the foundation for research on Chinese football fandom. Furthermore, this article also proves that studies on football fandom can be a useful window to observe Chinese society. Keywords: Football fandom- China- history- governmental power- national identity- local identity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kaixiao Jiang)

74	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-100
Collision and Resolution: A sociological survey on the conflict of sports Rights and interests of social citizens Chang Shi School of Physical Education, Henan University Abstract From the perspective of sociological theory, this paper examines the collision of sports rights and interests of Chinese social citizens. The rights and interests of social citizens to carry out sports activities in public sports places are legitimate rights and interests protected by law. However, when Chinese citizens carry out sports activities in community public sports places, a series of sports collision problems, such as field contention and behavior confrontation, have occurred. The essence of the collision is the collision of sports rights and interests, which includes not only the contradiction between social citizens^ deserved sports rights and actual supply, but also the improper exercise of social citizens^ rights. The solution to the collision of social citizens^ sports rights and interests should not only deepen the supply-side reform of social public sports venues and facilities, reduce the rights and interests caused by site problems, but also require social citizens who participate in community sports activities to adjust themselves, and ease the tense social public sports venues field relations in combination with internal and external institutional constraints. In this way, the collision of sports rights and interests between reality and potential social citizens can be solved. Keywords: Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (shi chang)

75	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-118
TianYuan Di-Fang and TianRen He-yi: Venues and National Political Aspirations for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games Yuan Shuying Department of Physical Education, Shandong University, China Abstract ^TianYuan Di-Fang^ and ^TianRen He-yi^ are the simple cognition of the relationship between the universe, nature and man in traditional Chinese culture. This idea has been passed down for thousands of years in China. In the early days of New China, many similar traditional Chinese cultures were denied by politics, believing that these traditional thoughts were no longer suitable for the development of New China. After winning the bid for the Beijing Olympic Games in 2001, during the construction of the Olympic venues, many traditional cultures were expressed intentionally and unintentionally. Many contents of these cultures were not advocated or considered as feudal superstitions after the founding of New China. What political demands does the Chinese government want to express by once again showing these traditional cultures in such an international sporting event as the Beijing Olympic Games? Chinese President XXX has emphasized the importance of traditional culture since he came to power. What is the relationship between this and the traditional culture implied by the venues of Beijing Olympic Games? An in-depth analysis of these implicit messages is of great significance for understanding the Chinese government^s attitude towards traditional culture and its past and future political appeals. Keywords: Beijing Olympic Games, Traditional culture, Government, Political Appeals Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shu-ying YUAN)

76	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-122
Hong Kong Locals Fight for Equal Rights: Took Football As the Method Wu MOU Shanghai University of Sport Abstract In the colonial districts of Great Britain from the 19 Century, British football as one of the sports cultures was introduced to Britain^s colonial districts, including Hong Kong. So far, football is still one of the most popular sports for Hong Kong locals. Collected literature reviews and research articles concerning Hong Kong football development from 1950 to 1970, this paper adopted logical analysis and field theory to delve into the football competition phenomenon. Addressed the issue that why Hong Kong local football players and local people had a great passion for football competition. The results indicated that Hong Kong locals took football competitions as the method to fight for equal rights against the England government. Hong Kong people considered football competition not for promoting the foreign sports culture, but they took football competition as the method. It is worth discussing if other sports could do the same effect as football competitions does in the fight for equal rights. Hong Kong people choose football as the method, it was one supporting evidence that sports influence is greater than the linguistic dissemination in some kind of culture. Keywords: Hong Kong locals- football competition- equal rights- colonial district- method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wu MOU)

77	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-138
We were brothers and sisters: Lotman Cultural Semiotics on the antagonism among Shanghai football fans Congcong Qi(a*), Kaixiao Jiang(b), Simon Kawycz(b) a) School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China *qicongcong.tj[at]outlook.com b) School of Health and Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK Abstract Using Juri Lotman Cultural Semiotics theory as the umbrella, this article explores the cultural connection between two Shanghai football fandom groups and Shanghai city. Currently, there are two professional football clubs, the Shanghai SIPG football club and the Shanghai Shenhua football club, in the Shanghai city qualifying in the Chinese Super League. As the first professional football club in Shanghai, Shenhua was supported by all Shanghai fans in 1994 and recognised as the symbol of Shanghai. The appearance of SIPG in 2005 also attracted the support of Shenhua fans. However, along with its promotion in Chinese professional football leagues, SIPG has gradually developed its loyal fans who terminate their fandom for Shenhua and develop a sense of hostility against their original fandom community. The extreme rivalry eventually results in two different fan cultures representing Shanghai culture respectively. This article proves that the historical accumulation of Shanghai people^s social practices from the age of colonialism to the global city is the foundation causing the rivalry. This may help the development of the Shanghai football context by offering solutions to moderate the antagonism. It is also the pioneer of using Lotman Cultural Semiotics theory to explain a phenomenon in Chinese football. Keywords: Shanghai style football- Cultural symbols- Cultural identity- Fans Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Congcong Qi)

78	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-140
Reflections on the Development Process of Chinese Traditional Horseback Archery Culture Feixue Rao(a) , Haidong Chen(b*) Abstract Various equestrian sports in ancient China were very prosperous, among which horseback archery is a typical representative. Horseback archery in ancient China was first produced in the northern minority areas. After King Wuling of Zhao implemented the military reform of ^Hufu horseback archery^ in the Spring and Autumn Period, the horseback archery movement began to spread in the Central Plains. The subsequent dynasties attached great importance to the development of horseback archery, especially in the Yuan and Qing dynasties, which reached its peak. It can be seen from the development history of horseback archery in China that the cultural exchange and integration of different ethnic groups has promoted the spread and development of horseback archery. ^Hufu horseback archery^ is a typical example of the fusion of Chinese and foreign cultures. In the process of development, the attributes of horseback archery are constantly changing. From the beginning of life skills to military weapons, to customs, entertainment activities, and finally to modern sports, its nature is constantly changing with the development of the times. The decline of riding and archery in China is caused by many factors, among which the popularization of firearms and the introduction of western sports ideas are important factors. Under the background of the revival of contemporary Chinese national culture, horseback archery has also entered a new era of revival. Keywords: Development Process- Chinese Traditional Horseback Archery-Culture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rao Feixue)

79	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-141
The Leisure Value and Realization Path of Chinese Archery in Late Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Leisure Sports Haidong Chen(a) , Feixue Rao (b*) a) and b) both:School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Panyu, Guangzhou, China Abstract In the late Ming Dynasty, the country faced internal and external troubles, but the relaxation of guidelines led to an open and diverse social atmosphere, so the martial arts flourished. In the late Ming Dynasty, the warrior groups and literati communicated mostly through leisure activities, including calligraphy, poetry, etc., and emerging content such as stick martial arts and archery. From the perspective of leisure sports, this article will explain the leisure value and realization path of traditional archery in the late Ming Dynasty through literature review and interpretation.The Leisure Value and Realization Path of Chinese Archery in Late Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of The study concludes that leisure sports are mainly characterized by a cultural activity based on the physical practice of people in their specific leisure time to achieve the interconnection and mutual promotion of personality, social, and cultural systems. In the late Ming Dynasty, the military and literati transformed archery from a military martial art into a leisure sport for social interaction and talked about it from a practical point of view. Their ultimate goal was to bring into play social values by perfecting their personalities and then writing books and treatises to enlighten future generations. This is the humanistic spirit that characterizes Chinese physical culture. Many authors of archery books in the Ming dynasty have constructed archery systems by focusing on the subjectivity of the human being and the subjectivity of culture. Keywords: leisure sports, archery in Ming Dynasty, leisure value, realization path Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chen Haidong)

80	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-143
The Past, Present and Future of Chinses student Physical Fitness Test Chen Xing, Jin Hyunju* ZheJiang Normal University Abstract 2016, the Chinese Ministry of Education and the General Administration of Physical Education announced the ^Healthy China 2030 Program^, which set the goal of achieving more than 25% of students meeting the highest criteria for physical fitness. China has been paying great attention to the physical health of students since its founding. The origin of the student physical fitness test system was revised to the National Sports Training Standard in 1975, starting with the ^Labor and Defense System^ in 1951. After President Xi Jinping came to power in 2013, it was revised to the ^National Student Physical Health Standard^. Our textual analysis builds on the study of institutionalism about how the behaviour of actors is conditioned by the institutional contexts (Bell, 2002). We searched national policy documents, academic journals using the keywords ^physical fitness test^ and ^healthy China 2030^. We also surveyed 200 students taking a physical fitness test to understand more about the actor^s perceptions and behaviour patterns. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The value of the student physical fitness test system is not understood by actors, 2) The physical fitness test system does not provide specific goals for actual physical fitness, 3) There is a lack of a monitoring system in which the system is properly implemented. We argue that China^s student physical fitness test system should be improved in the following direction. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the physical fitness test system, the actors should be able to accurately understand the goals of the system, and additional systems are required to guarantee the test^s accuracy. Keywords: healthy China 2030 program, institutionalism, student physical fitness test. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hyunju Jin)

81	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-160
The Emerging of Leisure Sports and The Emerging of Middle-class Chinese in Contemporary China He Gong Curtin University, Western Australia Abstract This paper will examine the emerging phenomenon of urban middle-class Chinese^s leisure sports consumption in Contemporary China. Based on in-depth interviews through ^WeChat^, theoretical framework. The author proposed the following arguments: firstly, Leisure sports have established an economic space by which contemporary China signals and engages with rising living standards. with the expanding number of urban middle-class playing and consuming in leisure sports markets, and it witnesses the growth of leisure sports economy but it also raise issue of sustainability. Secondly, leisure sports consumption become a group of new formats of physical exercises which are not only for recreative purposes but providing an admirable lifestyle by urban middle-class Chinese. Finally, consumption in leisure sports provide a growing psychological escape for a large portion of urban middle-class. political laggard is one of the main reasons for choosing leisure sports. Public sphere has been established with increasing environmental deterioration, consumer rights protections and leisure sports equality participation issues. Meanwhile, activities such as purchasing luxury sports goods, registering in fancy leisure sports clubs and participating money-oriented leisure sports provide a certain ^freedom^ for the urbanite Chinese in contrast to daily routine and work, and leisure sports in general is therefore an avenue by which the consumer seeks temporary release from constraints associated with Chinese social class hierarchy and obligations. Keywords: leisure sports, middle class, consumption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (he gong)

82	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-167
The Enlightenment of Confucius^ Physical Education Thought on the physical education in the new era Mao Wei East China normal university，college of physical education and health Abstract Confucius^ educational thought is the historical basis and source of the development of China^s educational culture. In his long-term educational practice has contains rich sports elements and still has important guiding value for the education of Contemporary Physical education. This paper uses the methods of educational history research and literature to carry out the research. The research shows that Confucius^ physical educational thought is to transform the blood relationship and historical tradition into the conscious proposition of ideology, closely associate ^Archery^and ^charioteering^ education with ^Rites^, and transform ^physical education^ into a political means of moral education and etiquette cultivation to consolidate the ruling class regime in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, what kind of time is ^Ceremony Disintegration^. From the educational practice of ^Archery^ and ^charioteering^ of Confucius, the physical education thought of Confucius takes benevolence as the core, and constitutes the thought of taking ^blood ties^ as the starting point, taking ^affective commitment^ as the support, taking ^social standard^ as the foothold, and taking ^ideal personality^ as the highest pursuit. It is the unique symbol and value source of physical education in China. Therefore, from the perspective of the new era, it is necessary to develop on the basis of inheriting Confucius^ physical educational thought, such as cultivating ^national and family feelings^, emphasizing ^internal and external cultivation^, establishing ^ideals and beliefs^, and inheriting ^the spirit of the brave^ in Physical education.Truly develop the Physical education with Chinese characteristics rooted in China. Keywords: Confucius-Physical educational thought Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (mao wei)

83	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-176
Cultural Consciousness: Constraints and Measures for the Development of Ice and Snow Culture in Southern China QI Ming WANG Tao School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University Abstract Cultural consciousness refers to the concept that people living in a certain culture have ^self-knowledge^ of their own culture. This paper uses the methods of literature and logical analysis to analyze the current situation of the development of ice and snow culture in the south of China from the perspective of cultural consciousness. And It believes that there are some limitations in the development of ice and snow culture in the south of China, such as insufficient practice, unclear value examination and facing the impact of foreign culture. This paper proposes that the material culture, spiritual culture and organizational culture of ice and snow should be used to improve the practice of the development of ice and snow culture in the south, so as to jointly identify the economic and diplomatic value of the ice and snow culture in the south. At the same time, measures such as enhancing the self-confidence of the main body in the development of the southern ice and snow culture, awakening the self-awareness of the main body in the development of the southern ice and snow culture and realizing the self-awareness of the main body in the development of the southern ice and snow culture will help China to successfully build a strong country in ice and snow and culture. Keywords: cultural consciousness- southern region- ice and snow culture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MING QI)

84	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-183
A Study of the Arts and Sports Activities of Koreans in China during the Korean Independence Movement Lu Yao (a*) ,Wang Qian(b), Yao Lu-jia(b) a)Qilu Institute of Technology No. 105 Youpeng Road, Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province 273100 China *yjcsysw10[at]163.com b)Shandong Sport University,10600 Century Avenue, Jinan CIty,Shandong Province 250014 China Abstract The Korean Independence Movement was a socio-political movement of the people of the Korean peninsula for their restoration and independence, and was an important part of the progressive movement of the wider Asian, African and Latin American people for national liberation. This paper uses the documentary method as the main research method to explore the artistic and sporting activities of Koreans in China during this period. During the independence movement, Korean patriots in China engaged in a range of artistic and sporting activities, including literary composition, song, film and drama creation, school sports and athletic competitions, to express their patriotic feelings, promote the idea of national salvation, promote the national spirit and inspire their fellow countrymen. These activities contributed to the movement of the Korean people for national liberation, and the resonance of the artistic and sporting activities of the Chinese and Korean people in the cause of national liberation deepened the friendship between the two peoples. Keywords: Korean independence movement- history of sport- history of art Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yao Lu)

85	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-185
The real dilemma and the necessary path of the revitalization of rural sports culture in China CHEN Yang(a*), KONG Qing-bo(b), ZHANG Xiao-yu(a),ZHANG Xin-jun Abstract The revitalization of sports culture is the key to promoting the high-quality development of rural sports in China. Use research methods such as literature and field research to explore the practical dilemma of the revitalization of rural sports culture in China, clarify the basic ideas, and then choose the correct revitalization strategy. The study believes that the value implication of the revitalization of Rural Sports Culture in China is that the revitalization of rural sports culture is an inherent requirement for promoting the construction of healthy and beautiful villages, the revitalization of rural sports culture is the essence of rural cultural revitalization, and the revitalization of rural sports culture is the source of promoting the high-quality development of rural sports. The practical dilemma of the revitalization of China^s rural sports culture is the lack of governance subjects, the misalignment of value functions, and the deviation of role positioning. The basic idea for the revitalization of China^s rural sports culture is to build a solid rural sports material culture, shape the rural sports spirit culture, strengthen the rural sports system culture, and establish a sports behavior culture. The strategy for revitalizing China^s rural sports culture is to optimize the rural public sports culture service system, improve the inheritance system of traditional rural sports culture, establish a rural sports culture governance community, promote the high-quality development of sports culture industries with rural characteristics, and cultivate cultural brands of rural sports events. Keywords: China- Rural sports culture- The revitalization of sports culture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (yang chen)

86	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-201
A Cultural Exploration of the Origin of Cricket in India Qijun Zhang* Sports Culture Research Center,Tianjin university of Sport No.16 Donghai Road,Tianjin 301617,China *a15684162992[at]163.com Abstract In terms of the stages of development of British sports, the development of traditional sports to modern sports developed almost simultaneously with the British colonial expansion, and sports, as an important cultural form, spread to the colonies along with the British cultural expansion and colonial rule. During the early period of British colonial rule, the spread of sports was a non-active phase of diffusion, mainly based on the interaction between British immigrants who migrated to the colonies and local Indians. During the period when India was colonized by Britain, British sports were the exclusive activity of whites, but the sports activities they participated in and their obsession with sports clubs soon spread to the Indian population as well, and the first large number of participants in British sports One of the main reasons why the Parsis became cricket fans was because of their closer relationship with the British as traders. In the late colonial period, the spread of the sport became more and more a purposeful act to expand the colonial power, and the spread of the sport became more widespread. This paper explores the cultural factors involved in the spread and development of cricket during the British colonial period in India: 1) the endogenous dynamics of the spread and development of modern sports- 2) the non-conscious cultural invasion of British colonial India- and 3) the active cultural control of British colonial India. Keywords: Indian Cricket-Origins-Cultural Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Qijun Zhang)

87	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-202
The Three Heroes of Indonesian Women^s Tennis: Bringing the Name of the Indonesian Nation to the International World Nurhasan, Rojil Nugroho Bayu Aji, Awang Firmansyah, Muchammad Al Ardha, Toho Cholik Mutohir Universitas Negeri Surabaya Abstract Tennis has been known and played in Indonesia since the Dutch colonial era, especially in the early twentieth century. In 1935, the parent organization of Indonesian tennis was formed under the name of the Indonesian Lawn Tennis Association (PELTI). Since that year, tennis is increasingly being developed in Indonesia in order to strengthen Indonesian identity and achievement. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Indonesia had three great female tennis athletes, namely, Lany Kaligis, Lita Sugiarto and Yayuk Basuki. The three of them often bring the name of the Indonesian nation to the international world through tennis. Lany Kaligid and Lita Sugiarto contributed by winning gold medals at the 1966 Bangkok Asian Games, 1974 Tehran Asian Games. Meanwhile, Yayuk Basuki presented four gold medals at the 1986 Seoul Asian Games, 1990 Beijing Asian Games and 1998 Bangkok Asian Games. Research on their history in the world of tennis uses historical methods, including heuristics (collection of sources), source criticism, interpretation and historiography. In the end, sports, especially tennis, has relationship with nationalism to introduce the name of Indonesia in the international world. They became legendary Indonesian women^s tennis athletes. Keywords: Indonesian Women^s Tennis and Sport Nationalism Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Awang Firmansyah)

88	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-211
The Annals of Jingwu in Macao: Chinese Merchant and Macao Jingwu Athletic Association Yinwei Huang- Long Zhao Macau University of Science and Technology Abstract Through literature analysis, the introduction of Jingwu into Macao can been regarded as an opportunity to focus on Chinese nationalism patriotic feelings. In fact, the introduction of Jingwu into Macao was in line with the needs of the Chinese community in Macao under the leadership of the rising Chinese businessmen for Chinese cultural traditions. Subsequently, the further spread of Jingwu enabled the first systematic recognition of northern martial arts in the Chinese community in Macao. Under its centripetal force, Chinese from all walks of life have actively participated, and in just four years, Macao Jingwu Athletic Association had become the largest sports organization in Macao. The spread of Jingwu and the development of Macao Jingwu Athletic Association marks that the Chinese in Macao had psychologically accepted the sports associations by the improvement of Western sports ideas, and was the beginning stage of the Chinese sports culture in Macao. Keywords: Macao- Jingwu Athletic Association- Lou Lim Ioc- Lu Hsin Yuan- Chinese Merchant Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Long Zhao)

89	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-217
The Physical Condition of the Handball Athlete in Garut Regency Hidayat, Mustika Fitri, Sandey Tantra Paramitha Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical condition of porprov athletes in the men^s handball sport in Garut Regency. This research is a descriptive study with a sample of 14 male handball athletes. The components of physical condition measured in this study were aerobic endurance, arm muscle strength endurance, speed, leg muscle explosive power, and agility. The instrument in this study used the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test. The results showed that the condition of the provincial athletes in the men^s handball sport in Garut Regency showed results with an average of 81% in the good category. 4 athletes with a percentage of 29% are in the moderate category, 3 athletes with a percentage of 21% are in the good category, and 7 athletes with a percentage of 50% are in the very good category. By doing this test we can take several benefits, including we can evaluate the stage of the exercise that has been done, with that we can find out how much progress a person^s physical condition is, besides we can develop athlete achievement, we can also use this as material for improvement in learning or teaching training. Keywords: Physical condition, performance, handball Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hidayat .)

90	Sport and culture in Asian societies	ABS-219
Publicity and the Development of Chinese Football Gaowei Chen(a*) a)International College of Football, Tongji University No.1239 Siping Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China *gaowei_chen[at]tongji.edu.can Abstract This paper intends to discuss the current problems of Chinese football development through the cultural perspective. On the macro level, Chinese football has not formed an independent culture system that fits its own development characteristics and can be competitive on the world stage in the long run, and culture is also the cut-off point to uncover the crux of Chinese football development. On the other hand, it would be too general to resort to culture as a constraint to the development of Chinese football. This paper introduces the proposition of ^publicity,^ a current concern in the field of sociology, as a note of cultural perspective. It is the process by which equal and free individuals voluntarily participate in activities that involve not only specific individuals but also abstract others, and reach a consensus through equal dialogue, negotiation, and action. This proposition can both revisit China^s inherent cultural characteristics and guide people to participate widely in public affairs that respect the general law of values. At present, China faces three major difficulties in the development of publicity: incompatibility with traditional culture, incompatibility with social systems, and different needs of different interest subjects. In terms of the construction of institutional culture, there are unclear rights and responsibilities between the relevant departments managing and leading football affairs, improper distribution of interests, and lack of public service consciousness among club enterprises- in terms of spiritual culture, the social force of Chinese football development has always been weak, and has been subservient to the purpose of the government and the market, unable to give full play to the shared and recreational values of the sport itself. This is not conducive to the cultivation of football talents and the market in the long run, not to mention the formation of an effective and distinctive local football culture. Keywords: publicity, cultural perspective, football culture, Chinese football Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gaowei Chen)

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